Liên kết ion là gì? Cấu tạo, dấu hiệu nhận biết và bài tập vận dụng

When the molecules add or lose the electron during the chemical reaction, generate charged elements called ions (electrostatic bonds). The nature of the ion bond is the electrostatic attraction between the two opposite charged ions. So what is ion bond, how to be formed? The following article will answer this question in the most detailed way.

What is the definition of ion and ion bonds?

In this section, we need to firmly grasp the basic definitions of ions, ion bonds and their classification.

Ion and ionic definition

• Ion concept: ion (charge) is the process of a group of atoms or atoms that are lost or receive an additional or more electrons.
• The concept of ionic bonds: ion bonding, or charge bond, is a chemical bond that is essentially an electrostatic suction force between two opposite charged ions. The ion bond is usually the link between non -metallic atoms and metal atoms. Metal atoms have small electronegators, easy to lose electrons to produce positive ions. (According to Wikipedia)

Classification of positive ions (cation) and negative ions (anion)

Ion is divided into 2 types: positive cation ions and negative anion ions. Specifically, in the process of ionizing an atom or atomic group will receive more or lose the electrons forming cations or anions.

• ANION are ions with negative charges formed by neutral atoms. When an atom during the ionization process sucks one or more electrons into it, the ions are formed. Typically, anions are formed by non -metallic elements, for example, oxygen forming anion -2, chlorine forming anion -1, … Because these atoms have a huge electronegativity, they absorb electrons and form anions.

• Cation is positive charged ions formed when the atoms or neutral atoms lose the electrons. When removing electrons, the number of protons in the nucleus is higher, so the atom is positive. The cations are formed from metal in group S in the chemical period. Due to the different sizes of charge depending on the number of electrons lost, forming on different cations such as Ca2+, Al3+, …

What is atomic and atomic ions?

• The atomic ion is an ion with only one atom, carrying negative or positive charges. For example: Mg2+. Al3+, Cl-, F-, …
• The atomic atomic ion is created by multiple atoms linked together to form an atomic group.

Examples of ions NO3-. SO42-, NH4+, …

How is the ion link formed?

As we all know, the ion bond is the link made up of an electrostatic attraction between the opposite charged ions.

Examples of ionic links are as follows: Na + + Cl- → NaCl. The link between Na+ and Cl- is an ion bond.

Conditions of formation

Ion links are only formed when there are the following two conditions:

• The link is formed by elements that are different from each other (between metal and nonmetals).

• Except for some typical cases, the electronegativity difference between the two ionic atoms must be> = 1.7.

Signs of molecular identification with ionic bonding

We can rely on the signs below to identify an ionic link:

• The compound molecule is formed from the typical metallic metal metal. For example: NaCl, CaCl2, BAF2, … These compounds contain ions-link bonds formed between nonmetal and metallic anions.

• The molecule contains salt compounds and cation or atomic anion.

For example: MgSO4, NH4Cl, … This is all ions – this link formed between non -metallic anion and metal cation and acid -based anion.

The crystal network structure of the ion bond

The crystal network structure of the ion bond is a combination of many ion molecules into a huge link. And the arrangement of this geometric structure is called crystal network.

For example, NaCl does not contain a Na ion and a Cl ion, this ion bond is the arrangement of many Na+ and Cl- ions into a crystal network, with a ratio of 1-1.

Properties of compounds with ionic bonds

From the characteristics of the ion bond, it can be seen that the ionic bonding compounds will often bring common properties such as:

• Status: Ion solids exist at room temperature and crystal form.

• Structure: Usually the ion is arranged according to the crystal network structure.

• Electric conductivity: In solid crystals, ions do not conduct electrical conductivity, but in the form of solution, electrical conductivity.

• Fragile when under pressure: When placed under pressure, the compounds of the ion are fragile and the link is broken along the planes.

• Electrostatic attraction: Ion bond is a link with strong electrostatic suction force. Therefore, the ionic compound is often known to be very hard, melting temperatures and high boiling temperatures due to relatively sustainable ionic bonds. For example, NaCl has a melting point of 800 degrees, MGO is 2800 degrees.

• Conductor: in melting state and when soluble in the solution. In a solid state usually does not conduct electricity.

How is the ion bonding and covalent bonds different?

Are all links that occur during chemical reactions, but what is the difference between ion bonds and covalent bonds?

Let's find out this difference through the definition, the nature of the link and the negative effect in the following comparison table:

Link	Ion bond	Covenant Add link
Define	The bond is formed by electrostatic suction force to create links between opposite charged ions.	The link is formed between two atoms that use the same one or more electrons.
The nature of the link	The nature of the ion bond is the electron movement from atom to atom.	The nature of covalent bonds is the process of using one or more common electrons.
Electromose negative difference	Electric negative effect> = 1.7.	0 <Electrone -negative difference <1,7.

Guide to solving some exercises on ionic linking chemical textbooks 10 with solutions

Let's apply the above knowledge to practice some of the following 10 chemical exercises on the following ion link:

Lesson 1 (page 59 SGK Chemistry 10):

The chemical bond in NaCl was formed by:

A. Two atomic nuclei suction electrons are very strong.

B. Each Na and CL atoms contribute 1 electron.

C. Each atom yields or collects electrons to become opposite ions.

D. Na → Na+ E; Cl + E → Cl-; Na + + Cl- → NaCl.

Choose the best answer

Answer: D is right

Lesson 2 (page 59 SGK Chemistry 10):

Snake salted salt is:

A. NaCl molecules

B. Na+ and Cl- ions

C. The cube crystals: Na+ and Cl- ions are distributed regularly on each peak.

D. cube crystals: Na+ and Cl- ions are distributed regularly into separate molecules.

Choose the best answer.

Answer: C correct

Lesson 3 (page 60 textbook chemistry 10):

a) Write the electron configuration of the cation liti (Li+) and anion oxide (O2-).

b) What are the charges in Li+ and O2- ions?

c) Any rare gas atom has the same electron configuration as Li+ and any rare gas atom has the same electron configuration similar to O2-.

d) Why is an oxygen atom combined with 2 liti atoms?

Answer:

a) Configuration electron of cation lithium (Li+) is 1s2 and anion oxide (O2-) is 1s22s22p6.

b) Electrical charge in Li+ due to loss of 1e, the charge at O2- due to O receiving 2E more.

c) Rare gas atom HE has an electron configuration like Li+

Ne rare gas atoms have the same electron configuration as O2-

d) Because each liti atom can only give 1E, a 2E oxygen atom.

2LI → 2LI + + 2E;

O + 2e → O2-;

2LI + + O2- → Li2O.

Lesson 4 (page 60 textbook 10):

Topic:

Solution:

Help your child learn math combined with super -saving English only on a Shining Home – Gia đình Anh Ngữ Math app. With multimeter teaching content to help children develop brain thinking and comprehensive language with only 2k/day.

Exercise on ion links for students to practice

In addition to exercises in chemical textbooks 10, here are some related exercises that Shining Home – Gia đình Anh Ngữ summarizes for them to practice together:

I/ Test section

Question 1: Ion bond is a chemical bond formed by an electrostatic attraction

A. Anion and free electron

B. The charged ions of the same sign

C. The nucleus of this atom and the nucleus of the other atom

D. Cation and anion

Question 2: Which of the following seeds involved in chemical linkage?

A. Electron seeds

B. Notron seeds

C. Proton seeds

D. Atomic nucleus

Question 3: Ion bonds are formed between

A. Two metal atoms.

B. Two non -metallic atoms.

C. A strong metal atom and a strong non -metallic atom.

D. A weak metal atom and a weak non -metallic atom.

Question 4: Which of the following is the molecule that contains only ionic bonds?

A. KCl; MgO; BaCl2

B. BaCl2; MgO; H2O

C. NaBr; Na2O; KNO3

D. SO2; H2SO4; HCLO4

Question 5: In NaCl crystals, Na and Cl element in the form of ions and there are electrons in turn

A. 10 and 18

B. 12 and 16

C. 10 and 10

D. 11 and 17

Question 6: Which of the following ion crystals have the following?

A. Sustainable, high melting point and low boiling point

B. Sustainable, melting temperature and high boiling temperature

C. Sustainable, hot temperatures and low boiling temperatures

D. volatile

Question 7: Which of the following molecules has the most polarized bond?

A. F2O

B. Cl2O

C. CLF

D. O2

Question 8: Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The ion bond is the link formed by the electron receipt

B. Ion bonding is the link between two atoms that have an electronegativity than 1 greater than 1

C. Ion bonding is a link formed by the common electron contribution.

D. Ion bonds are formed by an electrostatic suction force between the opposite charge

Question 9: Which of the following molecules in the molecule has the most properties of the most ion bond?

A. LiCl

B. NaCl

C. KCl

D. CSCL

Question 10: Atomic ionization energy is:

A. Energy released by atom when creating ionic bonds

B. Liberation energy when atoms receive additional electrons

C. The energy needed to separate electrons from the atom in the basic state

D. The energy needed to provide for the atom to receive additional electron

II/ Essay

Question 1. Write down the electron formula and the structural formula of the following molecules: PH3, SO2

Question 2. Write the formula of electron, structural formula of HCLO, HCN, HNO2.

Question 3. Write the structural formula of the following molecules and ions: H2SO3, Na2SO4, HCLO4, CuSO4, NaNO3, CH3COOH, NH4NO3, H4P2O7.

Sentence 4. Write the electron formula, the structural formula of the molecules: NH3, C2H2, C2H4, CH4, Cl2, HCl, H2O.

Question 5. Write the structural formula of the following molecules and ions: NH4+, Fe3O4, KMnO4, Cl2O7

Question 6. Write the electron formula and the formula for the following substances: HNO3, Al (OH) 3, K2Cr2O7, N2O5, Al2S3, H2Cro4, PCl5

Question 7: Determine the oxidation number of the elements in the compound, single and the following ions:

a) H2S, S, H2SO3, H2SO4.

b) HCl, HCLO, NaClo2, HCLO3.

c) MN, MNCl2, MNO2, KMnO4.

For the following molecules: C2H2 (1); BF3 (2); Becl2 (3); C2H4 (4); CH4 (5); Cl2 (6); H2 (7); H2O (8); NH3 (9); HCl (10). In the above molecules, the formation of bonds in molecules thanks to:

a. The hybridization of valence ponds is:

A. (1), (3), (6).

B. (1), (2), (3), (5).

C. (1), (3), (4), (7).

D. (1), (3).

b. The hybridization of sp2 valence ponds is:

A. (2), (4).

B. (2), (6).

C. (2), (3), (4).

D. A, B, C.

b. The hybridization of the valence ponds is:

A. (5), (6), (8), (10).

B. (5), (8), (9).

C. (3), (5), (8), (9).

D. (5), (6), (8), (9).

Question 8: Given the electronegativity CS: 0.79; Ba: 0.89; H: 2.2; CL: 3,16; S: 2.58; N: 3.04; O: 3.44 to consider the polarization of bonds in the following molecules: NH3, H2S, H2O, CSCL. Which substances in the above substances have ionic bonds?

Question 9: X, A, Z are the elements with a nuclear charge of 9, 19, 8.

a) Write the atomic electron configuration of those elements.

b) Predicting chemical links may be between pairs X and A, A and Z, Z and X.

Question 10: For electronegativity: Be (1.5), Al (1.5), Mg (1,2), Cl (3.0), N (3.0), H (2.1), S (2.5), O (3.5). Which of the following is ionic links?

With the ownership of the game and video warehouse, reading voice, vivid and attractive illustrations. Always innovate, update regularly – increase interest in children when learning English with Shining Home – Gia đình Anh Ngữ with only 2k/day.

The above article has provided the most detailed theories about ion links and practical exercises in chemistry textbooks 10. Hopefully you have more useful knowledge around the ion, ion bonds and effective lesson acquisition process. Visit Shining Home – Gia đình Anh Ngữ's website every day to have more interesting information about Chemistry!

Nguồn: http://www.ckconitsha.com/vn/ Tác giả: Nguyễn Lân dũng