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Aluminum is also known as Alumini is the third most common element (only after oxygen and silicon) and is the most popular metal in the Earth's crust. This is also a metal with many applications in industry and life such as making household appliances, electric wires … Let's find out the details of aluminum are metal and the characteristics of this metal in the article summarized below from Shining Home – Gia đình Anh Ngữ.
What is the metal aluminum definition and how to name
Aluminum is a chemical element found in the elemental periodic table, symbolized as AL, the atom is 27. In fact, in nature is difficult to find pure aluminum mineral sources, mainly alloys.
The physical properties of aluminum
Understanding aluminum is what metal cannot ignore important physical properties such as color, melting temperature, status, heat conductivity … Here are some physical properties of aluminum for your reference:
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Color: Aluminum is silver white, light metallic.
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Status: solids.
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Melting temperature: 660 degrees C.
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Power and heat conductivity: Aluminum metal has good conductivity and heat conductivity.
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Properties: Aluminum is very light, flexible, can be thinly rolled or pulled into fibers.
4 chemical properties of aluminum
Aluminum has the chemical properties of metal such as: non -metallic effect, acting with acid solution (except HNO3, cold concentrated H2SO4), salt solution of the metal is less active. Aluminum reacts with alkaline solution (according to chemical textbook 9, Vietnam Education Publishing House).
Specifically each property is as follows:
The reaction of aluminum with non -metallic
Aluminum is a metal that has the ability to react with oxygen to form oxide and react with many other nonmetals such as sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl2) … to form salt.
The reaction of aluminum with oxygen
Conduct an experiment to sprinkle aluminum powder on the flame of alcohol lamp. Observing we see the phenomenon of creative burning aluminum into white solids. Thus, it can be affirmed that aluminum burns in oxygen to form Al2O3.
The reaction equation is as follows:
4Al (white solid) + 3O2 (colorless gas) → t ° 2Al2O3 (white snake)
Conclusion: Under normal conditions, aluminum reacts with oxygen to form a thin and thin Al2O3 layer. This oxide layer is capable of protecting aluminum objects, not to allow aluminum to work with oxygen in the air and water.
The reaction of aluminum with non -metallic
In addition to oxygen, aluminum also reacts with many other nonmetals such as S, Cl2 to form salts such as Al2S3, AlCl3.
The reaction equation when aluminum is acting with chlorine gas at the temperature usually forms aluminum chloride salt:
2Al (white solid) + 3Cl2 (green gas) → 2AlCl3 (white solid)
Aluminum is a metal capable of reacting with acid solution
Aluminum metal reacts with some acid solutions such as clohridid acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dilute and releasing hydrogen (H2). We have the following example:
2Al (white solid) + 6HCl (colorless dd) -> 2AlCl3 (colorless dd) + 3H2
Note: Aluminum metal does not work with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentrated, cold and nitric acid (HNO3) solid, cool.
The reaction of aluminum with salt solution
To find out what aluminum is metal, how to react with the salt solution, we perform the experiment for an aluminum wire to the copper solution (II) chloride (CuCl2). Observing the phenomenon of red solids sticking to aluminum wires. Aluminum dissolves and the blue of the solution is gradually pale. Thus, aluminum has the ability to push the copper out of the copper solution (II) chloride.
Reaction equation:
2Al (white solid) + 3cucl2 (blue dd) → 2AlCl3 (colorless dd) + 3cu (red snake)
In addition to CuCl2, aluminum metals also have the ability to react with many salt solutions of weaker chemical active metals, creating aluminum salts and a new metal. For example, aluminum may react with AgNO3 solution.
Aluminum metal reacts with alkaline solution
Perform experiments for aluminum wires to test tube containing sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) that the phenomenon of colorless gas is released and aluminum dissolves gradually. The reaction is manifested as follows:
2Al + 2naoh + 2H2O → 2nalo2 + 3H2 ↑
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How to produce aluminum?
In nature, aluminum exists in the form of oxide and salt. The raw material for aluminum production is the boxite ore with the main ingredient of Al2O3.
The aluminum production process is made in 2 steps:
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Step 1: Give the reaction with alkaline solution to separate Al2O3 to clean the material.
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Step 2: Electrolytic melting aluminum oxide and criolite in the electrolytic tank, obtained aluminum and oxygen.
2Al2O3 → Criolite electrolytic melting 4Al + 3O2
See also:
- What is salt? Summary of knowledge from AZ and practice exercises
- What salt is NaCl? Summary of the most detailed information
Application of aluminum in life and industry
Aluminum and aluminum alloy are widely used in life such as producing household appliances, electric wires, heat conductivity, construction materials …
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Application of aluminum in construction
The construction industry uses aluminum as raw materials to produce windows, awnings, partitions, aluminum frames, containers …
We can easily see the application of aluminum in large buildings such as skyscrapers, sports architectural works …
Application of aluminum in industry
With light properties, durable, easy to bend, aluminum is an important metal in industrial production. Application of aluminum in industry related to the production of chassis, heating bars, truck trucks …
Application of aluminum metal in consumer goods
Some consumer goods such as display cabinets, hanging frames, clothes hangers, ladders, pots … all have the participation of aluminum in the production stage. Overall, aluminum consumer goods are considered durable, aesthetically pleasing and cost -saving.
Aluminum application in interior decoration
Aluminum metal is also used quite popular in interior decoration, mainly aluminum brace decorated with wooden floors, concealing the defects of the material joint, used in angular positions such as stair splints, ceilings, bathroom walls …
What is the aluminum exercise in textbooks with the answer
Some textbook exercises will help you consolidate what aluminum knowledge is.
Exercise 1 (SGK Chemistry 9, page 57)
Fill in the table of properties corresponding to the aluminum application.
Suggestions for the answer:
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Stt |
Properties of aluminum |
Application of aluminum |
|
1 |
Good conductivity |
Conductor |
|
2 |
Lightweight, durable |
Manufacturing aircraft, cars, train |
|
3 |
Plasticity can be rolled into utensils, good heat conductivity, melting at high temperatures. |
Making household tools: pots … |
Lesson 2 (SGK Chemistry 9, page 58)
Drop a piece of aluminum into the test tubes containing the following solutions:
A/ MgSO4.
b/ CuCl2.
C/ AgNO3.
d/ HCl.
What does the phenomenon occur? Explain and write chemical equations.
Suggestions for the answer:
a/ When dropping aluminum into MgSO4, there will be no reaction because the chemical activity of Mg> Al.
b/ Drop aluminum pieces into CuCl2, observe the aluminum fragments gradually dissolved, the blue color of the solution is fading, with red solids sticking to the aluminum surface.
2Al + 3CUCL2 → 2AlCl3 + 3CU ↓
c/ Drop aluminum pieces into AgNO3 with aluminum fragments (Al) gradually dissolved, with gray solids from Al.
Al + 3AgNO3 → Al (NO3) 3 + 3Ag ↓
d/ Drop aluminum pieces into HCl solution with hydrogen gas flying up.
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2 ↑
Lesson 3 (SGK Chemistry 9, page 58)
Should we use buckets, pots, aluminum pots to hold lime, lime water or construction mortar? Explain.
Suggestions for the answer:
We should not use buckets, pots or aluminum pots for lime, lime water or construction mortar. The reason is because, if they use these items, they will be broken very quickly because in lime or lime water containing Ca (OH) 2 is alkaline, capable of acting with aluminum oxide (Al2O3 – covered with aluminum items), leading to aluminum corrosion.
Reaction equation:
Al2O3 + Ca (OH) 2 → Ca (Alo2) 2 + H2O
2Al + Ca (OH) 2 + 2H2O → Ca (Alo2) 2 + 3H2 ↑
Extremely good aluminum exercises for students to practice together
In addition to the exercises in chemical textbooks 9, here are some accompanying exercises for them to practice together:
Lesson 1: The position of Al (z = 13) in the periodic table is
A. cell 13, cycle 3, group IIIA.
B. cell 13, cycle 3, group IIIB.
C. cell 13, cycle 3, group IA.
D. cell 13, cycle 3, group IB.
Lesson 2: Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. In industry, AL metals are made from Boxit ore.
B. Al (OH) 3 reacts with HCl solution and KOH solution.
C. AL soluble metal is in concentrated, cool HNO3 solution.
D. In chemical reactions, AL metals only act as reducing agents.
Lesson 3: At normal temperature, which of the following solutions are acting with the following solution?
A. Mg (NO3) 2. B. Ca (NO3) 2.
C. KNO3. D. Cu (NO3) 2.
Lesson 4: Which of the following chemical reactions occur in the following type is not of aluminum heat reaction?
A. Al works with heating Fe2O3.
B. Al works with heated CuO.
C. Al works with heated Fe3O4.
D. Al works with hot concentrated H2SO4 acid.
Lesson 5: Mix X includes Na and Al. Add m grams of X to an excess of water, then release V liter of gas. If the X gram is also added to NaOH solution (excess), it is 1.75V liters of gas. The percentage of the mass of Na in X is (Know the volume of gas measured at the same conditions)
A. 39.87%. B. 77.31%.
C. 49.87%. D. 29.87%.
Lesson 6: Give m grams of Al reacting completely with dilute HNO3 solution (excess), obtaining 4.48 liters of NO gas (dktc, single reducing product). The value of m is
A. 4.05. B. 8.10.
C. 2.70. D. 5.40.
Lesson 7: Which of the following chemicals can be used to distinguish 3 solids Mg, Al, Al2O3 in separate vials?
A. dilute H2SO4. B. NaOH.
C. concentrated HCl. D. Ammonia.
Lesson 8: Al, Al (OH) 3 reacts with both solutions behind the wire?
A. Na2SO4, KOH. B. NaOH, HCl.
C. KCl, NaNO3. D. NaCl, H2SO4.
Lesson 9: Which of the following is not aluminum?
A. In the 13th box, cycle 2, group IIIA.
B. Electron configuration [Ne] 3s23p1.
C. Crystal structure of mind.
D. Characteristic oxidation +3.
Lesson 10: Which of the following solution does not react with any of the following solutions?
A. dilute NaOH. B. concentrated, cool H2SO4.
C. concentrated, hot H2SO4. D. dilute H2SO4.
Lesson 11: Use m grams of Al to eliminate 1.6 grams of Fe2O3 (aluminum heat reaction). The product after the reaction works with the excess of NaOH solution to create 0.672 liters of gas (dktc). The value of m is
A. 0.540 grams. B. 0.810gam.
C. 1,080 grams. D. 1,755 grams.
Lesson 12: The main material used to produce aluminum is
A. Pirit ore. B. Boxite ore.
C. Manhetite ore. D. Dolomite ore.
Lesson 13: Reaction: Aal + BHNO3 → Cal (NO3) 3 + DNO + EH2O.
Coefficient a, b, c, d, e are integers, minimal. Sum (a + b) equal
A. 5. B. 4.
C. 7. D. 6.
Lesson 14: Give 15.6 grams of Al and Al2O3 powder mixture with an excess of KOH solution. At the end of the reaction, 6.72 liters of H2 (dktc) were obtained. The percentage according to the mass of Al in the mixture is
A. 34.62%. B. 65.38%.
C. 51.92%. D. 48.08%.
Lesson 15: For the following statements:
(A) Aluminum is a light metal, conducting electricity and good heat conductivity
(b) The raw material for aluminum production is Boxit ore
(c) Alum is a dual sulfate salt of aluminum and potassium with the formula K2SO4.Al2 (SO4) 3.12H2O
(d) The characteristic oxidation number of aluminum in the compound is +3
Aluminum is a popular metal and has many useful applications in life, but it also has certain impacts on human health as well as the environment. With human health, high -level aluminum exposure will cause the body to be anemic, cardiac arrest, bone puree, glucose intolerance … The environmental impact is mainly due to some acidification problems. The accumulation of aluminum in plants, animals, soil, water is likely to harm them.
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