{"id":38043,"date":"2025-08-01T13:31:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=38043"},"modified":"2025-08-01T22:11:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T15:11:13","slug":"nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Lich_su_nguyen_tu_trong_hoa_hoc\" >L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Mot_khai_niem_nguyen_tu_la_gi\" >M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Nhung_hat_nao_la_cac_nguyen_tu_duoc_tao_thanh_tu\" >Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Mot_so_khai_niem_khac_lien_quan_den_nguyen_tu\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Hat_nhan_nguyen_tu\" >H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Lop_E_trong_nguyen_tu\" >L\u1edbp E trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Nguyen_tu\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Nguyen_tu-2\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Phan_biet_cac_nguyen_tu_va_phan_tu\" >Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Tap_the_duc_de_tang_cuong_kien_thuc_bai_hoc_ve_cac_nguyen_tu\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Bai_1_Xem_lai_khai_niem_nguyen_tu\" >B\u00e0i 1: Xem l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-biet-voi-phan-tu-va-bai-tap-van-dung\/#Bai_2_Danh_gia_tap_the_duc_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_8_Trang_25\" >B\u00e0i 2: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 Trang 25<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;nguy\u00ean t\u1eed&#8221;. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480_(1).png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lich_su_nguyen_tu_trong_hoa_hoc\"><\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m: Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Henri Becquerel v\u00e0 c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Marie Curie.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Atomos. Theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, V\u1eadt l\u00fd John Dalton. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">1805: John Dalton l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>&#8220;M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.&#8221;<\/em>. (Wikipedia.org)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 &#8220;r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf&#8221;.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">1827: Robert Brown &#8211; M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Scotland \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, anh nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf Zic &#8211; Zac.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">1865: Johann Josef Loschmidt &#8211; M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, anh ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">1905: Albert Einstein &#8211; Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd John Dalton.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_khai_niem_nguyen_tu_la_gi\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 0,00000001 cm.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-2.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trung h\u00f2a. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>&#8220;C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u electron \u0111i\u1ec7n.&#8221;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Electron bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng E c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u \u00e2m (-).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_hat_nao_la_cac_nguyen_tu_duoc_tao_thanh_tu\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u electron c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m.  <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_khai_niem_khac_lien_quan_den_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1c electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-5.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hat_nhan_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c proton v\u00e0 neutron, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Proton t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho P v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 electron nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u (c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng +). Neutron kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng proton trong nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u proton, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u electron. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn S\u1ed1 p = s\u1ed1 e. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c proton v\u00e0 neutron c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 electron r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0.0005 l\u1ea7n proton. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc coi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_E_trong_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>L\u1edbp E trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, electron lu\u00f4n di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh xung quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o electron, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tu\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ri\u00eang. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng proton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tu-2\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>&#8220;Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb carbon. M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.&#8221;<\/em> (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1edfi v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y 1\/12 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0110VC).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb AZ<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_biet_cac_nguyen_tu_va_phan_tu\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 691.125px\" border=\"0.5px\">\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3958px\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #e03e2d;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #e03e2d;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #e03e2d;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 143.979px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 143.979px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 143.979px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trung h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u electron c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 143.979px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3958px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Oxy (O2), n\u01b0\u1edbc (H2O)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3958px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7917px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7917px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 99.1875px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 99.1875px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 99.1875px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 99.1875px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3958px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3958px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7917px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7917px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_de_tang_cuong_kien_thuc_bai_hoc_ve_cac_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau khi th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nguyen-tu-la-gi-9.jpg\" alt=\"T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_Xem_lai_khai_niem_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1: Xem l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;(1) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf, trung h\u00f2a: t\u1eeb (2) t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m (3) v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi (4)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(1): C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(2): C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(3) H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(4) M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u electron c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_2_Danh_gia_tap_the_duc_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_8_Trang_25\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 2: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 Trang 25<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o? X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c monome kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Cu; Kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Fe;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c monome kim lo\u1ea1i: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp g\u1ea7n nhau v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Kh\u1ec9 ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38043"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38166,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38043\/revisions\/38166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}