{"id":38037,"date":"2025-08-01T13:06:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=38037"},"modified":"2025-08-01T20:36:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T13:36:18","slug":"cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc_la_gi\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Cach_chuan_bi_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc\" >C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Mot_so_quy_tac_de_thuc_hien_cac_phuong_trinh_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_can_nho\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Lam_the_nao_de_viet_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc_ban_can_ghi_nho_dieu_gi\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Cac_bieu_tuong_pho_bien_trong_PTHH\" >C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong PTHH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Can_bang_phuong_trinh_phan_ung_hoa_hoc\" >C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Bai_tap_thuc_hanh_de_giai_cac_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Bai_tap_1_Cau_hoi_ly_thuyet\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cach-lap-va-can-bang-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-chi-tiet-chuan-xac\/#Bai_2_Chuan_bi_PTHH_va_chi_ra_ty_le_cac_nguyen_tu_va_phan_tu_cua_cac_chat_trong_moi_phan_ung\" >B\u00e0i 2: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb PTHH v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p 2. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480_(1).png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc_la_gi\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2H2 + O2 \u2192 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2 Fe + 3 CL2 \u2192 2 FECL3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\/ c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 3FE + 2O2 \u2192 FE3O4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O2: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Fe3O4 = 3: 2: 1<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed7i 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe v\u1edbi 2 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O2 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Fe3O4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 2 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">3 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Fe3O4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-la-gi-1.png\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_chuan_bi_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, vui l\u00f2ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1eaft trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp PTHH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Fe + O2 \u2192 Fe3O4<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe v\u00e0 O kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. C\u1ea3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1eaft v\u00e0 oxy \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc O2. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft, th\u00eam 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Fe.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 3FE + 2O2 \u2192 FE3O4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_quy_tac_de_thuc_hien_cac_phuong_trinh_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_can_nho\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia. M\u0169i t\u00ean trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i (tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m hai m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 1, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t tham gia ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_viet_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc_ban_can_ghi_nho_dieu_gi\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc-la-gi-5.jpg\" alt=\"Ghi ch\u00fa khi vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Oxy t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O2 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft 6) trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Khi vi\u1ebft CTHH, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sai 2FE (v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 2Fe).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (OH), (SO4) &#8230; h\u00e3y coi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa natri cacbonat v\u00e0 canxi hydroxit t\u1ea1o ra canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 natri hydroxit.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NA2CO3 + CA (OH) 2 \u2192 Caco3 + 2Naoh<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit nitric v\u00e0 oxit s\u1eaft 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: FEO + 4HNO3 \u2192 Fe (NO3) 3 + NO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: axit nitric (HNO3): c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_bieu_tuong_pho_bien_trong_PTHH\"><\/span>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong PTHH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;=&#8221; \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u2192&#8221; \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8221; \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8221; \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_bang_phuong_trinh_phan_ung_hoa_hoc\"><\/span>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 sai. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 1.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_thuc_hanh_de_giai_cac_phuong_trinh_hoa_hoc\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_Cau_hoi_ly_thuyet\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_2_Chuan_bi_PTHH_va_chi_ra_ty_le_cac_nguyen_tu_va_phan_tu_cua_cac_chat_trong_moi_phan_ung\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 2: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb PTHH v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na + O2 \u2192 Na2o<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 O \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Na2O v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn: Na + O2 \u2192 2NA2O. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Na \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 4, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00eam s\u1ed1 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Na ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 4NA + O2 \u2192 2NA2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: NA NA nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NA2O l\u00e0 4: 1: 2: 2:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\">V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p 2. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp cho&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38037"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38037\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38145,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38037\/revisions\/38145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}