{"id":27269,"date":"2025-07-12T05:50:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T22:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=27269"},"modified":"2025-07-14T14:05:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T07:05:52","slug":"ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/","title":{"rendered":"Ankan: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dinh_nghia_Ankan_la_gi_Day_dong_dang_dong_phan_va_danh_phap_ankan\" >\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? D\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p ankan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Day_dong_dang_ankan\" >D\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dong_phan\" >\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Danh_phap_cua_ankan\" >Danh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ankan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Ten_goi_cua_ankan_mach_thang\" >T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Ten_goi_cua_ankan_mach_nhanh\" >T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Ten_thong_thuong_cua_ankan\" >T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ankan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_ankan\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_ankan\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Phan_ung_the_boi_halogen\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf b\u1edfi halogen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Phan_ung_tach\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Phan_ung_oxi_hoa\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Cach_xac_dinh_san_pham_chinh_cua_ankan\" >C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ankan<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dieu_che_ankan_trong_phong_thi_nghiem_va_trong_cong_nghiep\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dieu_che_ankan_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dieu_che_ankan_trong_cong_nghiep\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Nhung_ung_dung_cua_ankan_pho_bien\" >Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ankan ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#So_sanh_ankan_anken_ankin\" >So s\u00e1nh ankan, anken, ankin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_ve_ankan_SGK_Hoa_hoc_11_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ankan SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_1_trang_115_SGK_Hoa_11\" >B\u00e0i 1 (trang 115 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_2_trang_115_SGK_Hoa_11\" >B\u00e0i 2 (trang 115 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_4_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\" >B\u00e0i 4 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_5_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\" >B\u00e0i 5 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_7_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\" >B\u00e0i 7 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/ankan-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_ap_dung_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_ankan_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ankan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 11. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ankan trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_Ankan_la_gi_Day_dong_dang_dong_phan_va_danh_phap_ankan\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? D\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ankan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hydrocacbon no d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n C-C ho\u1eb7c C-H.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Ankan c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0: CnH2n+2 (n \u2265 1).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 metan (CH4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-1.jpg\" alt=\"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Day_dong_dang_ankan\"><\/span>D\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CH4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12,\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 CnH2n+2 (n \u2265 1).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ea1ch cacbon \u1edf d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ankan, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng (tr\u1eeb C2H6).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 4 obitan lai h\u00f3a sp3 trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ec3u t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ea1ch cacbon c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do xung quanh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dong_phan\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb C4H10 tr\u1edf \u0111i, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch cacbon kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch cacbon.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H5 s\u1ebd \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a C2H5. (\u1ea2nh: Ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a 11)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Danh_phap_cua_ankan\"><\/span>Danh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ankan m\u1ea1ch cacbon kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u1edbi danh ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-3.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ankan m\u1ea1ch cacbon kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh. (\u1ea2nh: Ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a 11)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ten_goi_cua_ankan_mach_thang\"><\/span>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng = T\u00ean m\u1ea1ch cacbon + an<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CH4: Metan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C2H6: Etan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C3H8: Propan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C4H10: Butan<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ten_goi_cua_ankan_mach_nhanh\"><\/span>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh = V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh &#8211; t\u00ean nh\u00e1nh + t\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh + an. Trong \u0111\u00f3:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ch cacbon ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n nh\u00e1nh h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">G\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh (nh\u00f3m ankyl) theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u1ea7n ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ankan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh (chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">G\u1ed1c hidrocacbon l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hidrocacbon sau khi b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hidro nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang e t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u00f3m ankyl l\u00e0: CnH(2n+1)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u1eadc c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ankan b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-4.jpg\" alt=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p danh c\u1ee7a ankan m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 nh\u00e1nh CH3 \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C s\u1ed1 2, ta th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 iso \u1edf cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 2 nh\u00e1nh CH3 \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C s\u1ed1 2, ta th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 neo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ten_thong_thuong_cua_ankan\"><\/span>T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ankan:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;border-color: initial;border-style: none;height: 291.078px\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" data-sheets-root=\"1\">\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #ee202e;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon\"}'>S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #ee202e;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\"}'>T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #ee202e;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5\"}'>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":1}'>1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Metan\"}'>Metan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"CH4 - Methane\"}'>CH4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":2}'>2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Ethan\"}'>Ethan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C2H6 - Methane\"}'>C2H6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":3}'>3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Propan\"}'>Propan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C3H8 - Methane\"}'>C3H8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":4}'>4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Butan\"}'>Butan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C4H10 - Butane\"}'>C4H10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":5}'>5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Pentan\"}'>Pentan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C5H12 - Pentane\"}'>C5H12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":6}'>6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Heksan\"}'>Heksan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C6H14 - Hexane\"}'>C6H14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":7}'>7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Heptan\"}'>Heptan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C7H16 - Heptane\"}'>C7H16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":8}'>8<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Oktan\"}'>Oktan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C8H18 - Octane\"}'>C8H18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":9}'>9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Nonan\"}'>Nonan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C9H20 - Nonane\"}'>C9H20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":10}'>10<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Decan\"}'>Decan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C10H22 - Decanoic acid\"}'>C10H22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":11}'>11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Undecan\"}'>Undecan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C11H24 - Undecane\"}'>C11H24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":3,\"3\":12}'>12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Dodecan\"}'>Dodecan<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5;height: 22.3906px\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C12H26 - Dodecane\"}'>C12H26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #fbeeb8\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG TO\u00c1N H\u1eccC V\u1eeeNG CH\u1eaeC CHO TR\u1eba T\u1eea NH\u1ece V\u1edaI \u0110A PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P D\u1ea0Y H\u1eccC T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C, CHI PH\u00cd C\u1ef0C R\u1eba CH\u01afA \u0110\u1ebeN 2K\/NG\u00c0Y C\u00d9NG MONKEY MATH.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/button_dang-ky-ngay-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_ankan\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd ankan m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, 4 ankan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng (CH4 \u0111\u1ebfn C4H10) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c ankan ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb C18H38 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">X\u00e9t theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ankan t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ankan nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ankan kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tan trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ankan l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 benzen, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_ankan\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ankan kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit, dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c ankan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tham gia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch hidro v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ankan th\u00f4ng qua 3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-11.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_the_boi_halogen\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf b\u1edfi halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ankan \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed metan:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CH4 + Cl2 \u2192 CH3Cl (clometan &#8211; metyl clorua) + HCl (\u0110K: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CH3Cl + Cl2 \u2192 CH2Cl2 (\u0111iclometan- metylen clorua) + HCl (\u0110K: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CH2Cl2 + Cl2 \u2192 CHCl3 (triclometan &#8211; clorofom) + HCl (\u0110K: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CHCl3+Cl2\u00a0 \u2192 CCl4 (tetraclometan- cacbon tetraclorua) + HCl (\u0110K: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a metan c\u0169ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 metan:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CH3-CH2-CH3 + Br2 \u2192 CH3-CHBr-CH3 + HBr (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CH3-CH2-CH3 + Br2 \u2192 CH3-CH2-CH2-Br + HBr (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ankan c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch cacbon t\u1eeb 3 C tr\u1edf l\u00ean, clo v\u00e0 brom s\u1ebd \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ebf H \u1edf c\u00e1c cacbon c\u00f3 b\u1eadc cao t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u00ec ankan c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi flo n\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh C v\u00e0 HF: CnH2n+2 + (n+1)F2 \u2192 nC + (2n+2)HF<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ankan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi Iot.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y halogen v\u1edbi ankan gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: F2 &gt; Cl2 &gt; Br2&gt; I2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon \u1edf b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_tach\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c ankan c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch hi\u0111ro th\u00e0nh hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH3 &#8211; CH3 \u2192 CH2=CH2 + H2 (500 \u0111\u1ed9 C, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH(2n+2) \u2192 CnH2n + H2 (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Fe)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch hi\u0111ro, c\u00e1c ankan c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cacbon t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u01b0u \u00fd:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nh\u1eefng ankan c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch H2.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H v\u1edbi 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nhau s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra c\u00f9ng nhau. C\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C c\u00f3 b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n. C4H10 \u2192\u00a0 CH3 &#8211; CH=CH &#8211; CH3 + H2 (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Fe)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_oxi_hoa\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c ankan \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CnH2n+2\u00a0 + (3n+1\/2) O2 \u2192 nCO2 + (n+1) H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu oxi, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ankan x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n: S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 C, CO,.. ngo\u00e0i CO2 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ankan, ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nCO2 &lt; nH2O<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t hi\u0111rocacbon, ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nCO2 &lt; nH2O. Hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ankan (CnH2n+2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_xac_dinh_san_pham_chinh_cua_ankan\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ankan, ta c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ebf: Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi halogen, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc cao (c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H c\u00e0ng \u00edt) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb th\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh: N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc cao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H g\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc cao c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m th\u1ebf h\u00fat electron nh\u01b0 halogen, nh\u00f3m nitro, nh\u00f3m carboxyl,&#8230; th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khi ankan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi halogen, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n ankyl halogen c\u00f3 b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi metan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 CH3Cl, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i CH2Cl2 ho\u1eb7c CCl4.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_ankan_trong_phong_thi_nghiem_va_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ankan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong 2 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_ankan_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, metan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng natri axetat khan v\u1edbi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00f4i t\u00f4i x\u00fat theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">CH3COONa + NaOH \u2192 CH4\u2191 + Na2CO3 (\u0110K: CaO, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-8.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metan trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: Ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a 11)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_ankan_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ankan (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 \u2026) trong d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean,\u2026 Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ankan trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">C + 2H2 \u2192 CH4 (Ni, 500 \u0111\u1ed9 C)<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">CO + 3H2 \u2192 CH4 + H2O (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, x\u00fac t\u00e1c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_ung_dung_cua_ankan_pho_bien\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ankan ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean, ankan mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ankan l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-9.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ankan trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. (\u1ea2nh: Ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a 11)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong h\u00e0n c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">D\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CCl4, CF2Cl2, \u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, CH4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO + H2, ammoniac, C2H2, r\u01b0\u1ee3u metylic, andehit fomic, \u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_ankan_anken_ankin\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh ankan, anken, ankin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh ankan, anken v\u00e0 ankin nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 492.687px;background-color: #f8cac6;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" border=\"0.5px\">\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e;height: 54.3906px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e;height: 54.3906px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ankan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e;height: 54.3906px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Anken<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e;height: 54.3906px\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ankin<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7812px;background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" colspan=\"3\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ed3m 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C v\u00e0 H<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7812px;background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CnH(2n+2) (n&gt;= 1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CnH2n (n&gt;=2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CnH(2n-2) (n&gt;=2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76.7812px;background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ed3m ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ed3m 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 76.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ed3m 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 54.3906px;background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 207.953px;text-align: center;background-color: #fff4f5\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 54.3906px;background-color: #fff4f5\" colspan=\"3\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 153.562px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 153.562px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 153.562px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a (kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;height: 153.562px;background-color: #fff4f5\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a (kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dime h\u00f3a, trime h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anken l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf anken<\/li>\n<li>Ankin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_ankan_SGK_Hoa_hoc_11_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ankan SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ankan, c\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-10.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 v\u1ec1 ankan. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_trang_115_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 (trang 115 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hidrocacbon no, ankan, xicloankan?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u0111rocacbon no l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon m\u00e0 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n. hi\u0111rocacbon no \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ankan (hay parafin) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon no kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Xicloankan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon no c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u0111rocacbon no l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_2_trang_115_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 2 (trang 115 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hidrocacbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c ankyl sau: \u2013CH3 ; -C3H7; -C6H13<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #f8cac6;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" border=\"0.5px\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ed1c ankan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CTPT c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">-CH3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CH4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">-C3H7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C3H8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">-C6H13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C6H14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_4_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 4 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c hidrocacbon no \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Hi\u0111rocacbon no c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Hi\u0111rocacbon no c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. Hi\u0111rocacbon no l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Hi\u0111rocacbon no ch\u00e1y t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n D.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_5_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 5 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u (g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ankan) g\u1ea7n l\u1eeda, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed cacbonic.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a)\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n l\u1eeda l\u00e0 v\u00ec: X\u0103ng d\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ankan m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00ec nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ankan c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch cacbon r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed cacbonic l\u00e0 v\u00ec: X\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc; khi d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y ch\u00e1y th\u00eam to h\u01a1n. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed cacbonic, s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_7_trang_116_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 7 (trang 116 SGK H\u00f3a 11)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 3,6g ankan X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,6 l\u00edt kh\u00ed CO2 (\u0111ktc). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. C3H8 ;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. C5H10<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. C5H12 ;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. C4H10<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0: CnH2n+2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/ankan-12.png\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp 7 H\u00f3a 11 b\u00e0i 25. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u21d2 n = 5 \u21d2 ankan l\u00e0 C5H12<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1eady \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 C.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ap_dung_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_ankan_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong SGK ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em c\u00f9ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 1: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: 2 &#8211; Clo &#8211; 3 &#8211; metylpentan. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH(CH3)2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. CH3CH(Cl)CH(CH3)CH2CH3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2Cl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. CH3CH(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)CH3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 2: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C5H12?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 3: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C6H14?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 4: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C4H9Cl?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 5: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C5H11Cl?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 6 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 8 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 6: Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ankan Y b\u1eb1ng 83,33%. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. C2H6<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. C3H8<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. C4H10<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. C5H12<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 7: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon M l\u00e0 CnH2n+1. M thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. ankan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. ankan ho\u1eb7c xicloankan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. xicloankan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 8: Cho ankan c\u00f3 CTCT l\u00e0: (CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2,4-trimetylpetan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 2-\u0111imetyl-4-metylpentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 9: Cho iso-pentan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol 1: 1, s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m monoclo t\u1ed1i \u0111a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 10: Iso-hexan ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01a1\u0301i clo (co\u0301 chi\u00ea\u0301u sa\u0301ng) co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a bao nhi\u00eau d\u00e2\u0303n xu\u00e2\u0301t monoclo?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 5<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 6<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 11: Khi cho 2-metylbutan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1 th\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 1-clo-3-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 12: Khi clo h\u00f3a C5H12 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf monoclo. Danh ph\u00e1p IUPAC c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 2,2-\u0111imetylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. pentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 2-\u0111imetylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 13: Khi clo h\u00f3a metan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9a 89,12% clo v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. CH3Cl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. CH2Cl2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. CHCl3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. CCl4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 14: Cho 4 ch\u1ea5t: metan, etan, propan v\u00e0 n-butan. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf monoclo duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 15: khi clo h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ankan c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C6H14, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf monoclo. Danh ph\u00e1p IUPAC c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 2,2-\u0111imetylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2-metylpentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. n-hexan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 2,3-\u0111imetylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 16: Khi clo h\u00f3a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 ankan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ebf monoclo. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a 2 ankan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. etan v\u00e0 propan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. propan v\u00e0 iso-butan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. iso-butan v\u00e0 n-pentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. neo-pentan v\u00e0 etan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 17: Khi brom h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ankan ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t monobrom duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 75,5. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a ankan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3,3-\u0111imetylhecxan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. isopentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2,2-\u0111imetylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 18: Khi cho ankan X (trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon b\u1eb1ng 83,72%) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol 1:1 (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng) ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t monoclo \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhau. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3-metylpentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2,3-\u0111imetylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 2-metylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. butan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 19: Hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u03c3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon b\u1eadc ba trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch X sinh ra 6 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch CO2 (\u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t). Khi cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 (theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol 1: 1), s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t monoclo t\u1ed1i \u0111a sinh ra l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 20: Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa ankan X v\u1edbi kh\u00ed clo c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a hai ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Y so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 35,75. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 2,2-\u0111imetylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 2-metylbutan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. pentan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 2-\u0111imetylpropan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 21: Khi cho ankan X (trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon b\u1eb1ng 83,72%) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Cl2 theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1 (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng) ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t monoclo \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhau. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 22: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cracking 22,4 l\u00edt kh\u00ed C4H10 (\u1edf \u0111ktc) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, H2 v\u00e0 C4H10 d\u01b0. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x gam CO2 v\u00e0 y gam H2O. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x v\u00e0 y.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 23: Khi crackinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ankan X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y (c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t); t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Y so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 29. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 24: Craking 8,8 gam propan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m H2, CH4, C2H4, C3H6 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n propan ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb craking. Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 90%. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 25: Craking 40 li\u0301t n\u2013butan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 56 li\u0301t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u2013butan d\u01b0. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau %.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ankan, bao g\u1ed3m: Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean truy c\u1eadp website c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u00e9!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Alkane &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp 15\/8\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkane<\/p>\n<p>What are Alkanes? &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp 15\/8\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/alkanes\/<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ankan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 11. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27269"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28756,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27269\/revisions\/28756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}