{"id":26079,"date":"2025-07-11T09:25:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T02:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=26079"},"modified":"2025-07-12T19:05:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T12:05:12","slug":"phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_ung_la_gi\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_loai_phan_ung_va_cac_vi_du_minh_hoa\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_ung_trong_hoa_hoc_vo_co\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_ung_trong_hoa_hoc_huu_co\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Chuan_bi_hydro_phan_ung\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Chuan_bi_Hidro_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Hidro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Chuan_bi_Hidro_trong_nganh\" >Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Hidro trong ng\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Cac_loai_bai_tap_ve_phan_ung\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Mau_1_Phan_ung_halogen_cua_Ankan\" >M\u1eabu 1: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng halogen c\u1ee7a Ankan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Mau_2_Bai_tap_phan_ung_Hidrocarbon\" >M\u1eabu 2: B\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hidrocarbon<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Thuc_hanh_cac_bai_tap_ve_phan_ung\" >Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_1_Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_8_trang_117\" >B\u00e0i 1 (B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1, S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, trang 117)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_2_Bai_tap_4_Trang_117_Hoa_hoc_SGK_8\" >B\u00e0i 2 (B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 Trang 117 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 8)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/phan-ung-the-la-gi-vi-du-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Ap_dung_phan_ung_trong_thuc_te\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hydro? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_la_gi\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 v\u00e0 33 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Theo \u0111\u00f3: <em>&#8220;Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.&#8221;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o? Hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i &#8220;thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m&#8221;. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n) mu\u1ed1n tham gia tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i (Element in H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: k\u1ebdm (Zn) + axit hydrochloric (HCl) \u2192 k\u1ebdm clorua (ZnCl2) + hydro (H2)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Quy t\u1eafc 1: Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa dung d\u1ecbch kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Quy t\u1eafc 2: Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa halogen v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Quy t\u1eafc 3: Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa dung d\u1ecbch Alken v\u00e0 HX (HBR, HCl, HI), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen theo quy t\u1eafc Markovnikov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phan-ung-the_(1).jpg\" alt=\"K\u1ebdm - Zn. (\u1ea2nh: Wikipedia.org)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebdm (Zn), ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (axit HCl). Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 Zn \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf hydro trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_phan_ung_va_cac_vi_du_minh_hoa\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_trong_hoa_hoc_vo_co\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda: A + BX -&gt; AX + B<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phan-ung-the-1.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_trong_hoa_hoc_huu_co\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e1i l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e1i l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (SE) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (E+) t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong v\u00f2ng benzen (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u (Y).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e1i l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u00e1i l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (SN) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 nucleophile (Nu-Nu-) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n (RX) v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf nh\u00f3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u (X).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do (R \u2022) t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (RX) v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u (x).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong hydrocarbon b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi S. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_hydro_phan_ung\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n kh\u00ed hydro. V\u1eady hydro ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_Hidro_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Hidro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&#8220;Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00ed hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng axit (pha lo\u00e3ng HCl ho\u1eb7c H2SO4) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebdm (ho\u1eb7c s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m).&#8221; (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phan-ung-the-7.jpg\" alt=\"Axit HCl. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c 2, 3 h\u1ea1t k\u1ebdm (Zn) v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed5 2 &#8211; 3 ml dung d\u1ecbch axit clohydric (HCl) v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 che \u1ed1ng th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat cao su b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed qua. Sau khi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hydro kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n oxy. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t thanh \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y g\u1eady \u0111ang ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn xem hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh k\u1ebdm h\u00f2a tan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Thanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho than b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1eb7t thanh \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 k\u1ebdm clorua (ZnCl2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf HCl b\u1eb1ng H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng; Zn v\u1edbi Fe ho\u1eb7c al.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed5 dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl pha lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1edf kh\u00f3a dung d\u1ecbch axit t\u1eeb ph\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi k\u1ebdm.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Thu th\u1eadp kh\u00ed hydro v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: hydro \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c hydro \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuan_bi_Hidro_trong_nganh\"><\/span>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Hidro trong ng\u00e0nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00ed hydro (H2) theo 3 c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m oxy c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc (H2O) trong l\u00f2 kh\u00ed than.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb H2 t\u1eeb kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_bai_tap_ve_phan_ung\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra trung h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_1_Phan_ung_halogen_cua_Ankan\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 1: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng halogen c\u1ee7a Ankan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng halogen c\u1ee7a Ankan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Ankan &#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11. Lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ankan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng halogen c\u1ee7a ankan.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ankan v\u00e0 halogen c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c).<\/li>\n<li>L\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi alkan ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi Alkan ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_2_Bai_tap_phan_ung_Hidrocarbon\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 2: B\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hidrocarbon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hidrocarbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong Hidrocarbon &#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11. Lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hydrocarbon \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Cho bi\u1ebft hydrocarbon v\u00e0 halogen tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c).<\/li>\n<li>L\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi hydrocarbon ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<em> (C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 1)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi hydrocarbon ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: Atom l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? <\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_hanh_cac_bai_tap_ve_phan_ung\"><\/span>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp xung quanh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi kh\u1ec9 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/phan-ung-the-5.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_8_trang_117\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 (B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1, S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, trang 117)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + H2SO4 \u2192 ZnSO4 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2H2O \u2192 2H2 + O2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2AL + 6HCL \u2192 2ALCL3 + 3H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hidro \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb Zn ho\u1eb7c Al v\u1edbi HCl ho\u1eb7c H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_2_Bai_tap_4_Trang_117_Hoa_hoc_SGK_8\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 2 (B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 Trang 117 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 8)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft, dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 axit H2SO4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau gam k\u1ebdm, bao nhi\u00eau gam s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 2,24 l\u00edt kh\u00ed hydro (DKTC)?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hydro:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + H2SO4 \u2192 ZnSO4 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + H2SO4 \u2192 FESO4 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FECL2 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Zn, Fe<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: NH2 = 2,24\/22,4 = 0,1 mol<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Fe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (MFE) = 56.0.1 = 5,6g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Zn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (MZN) = 65,0.1 = 6,5g.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_phan_ung_trong_thuc_te\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Luy\u1ec7n kim: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Mg + Cuso4 \u2192 MgSO4 + Cu.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">X\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u1eb7ng kim lo\u1ea1i: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu kh\u1ecfi qu\u1eb7ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2AL + FE2O3 \u2192 AL2O3 + 2FE.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb axit, baz\u01a1, mu\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H2SO4 + NaCl \u2192 NAHSO4 + HCl.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hy v\u1ecdng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hydro trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean truy c\u1eadp trang web kh\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hydro? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ec9. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 v\u00e0 33 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Theo \u0111\u00f3: &#8220;Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26079"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27625,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26079\/revisions\/27625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}