{"id":26033,"date":"2025-07-11T09:00:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T02:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=26033"},"modified":"2025-07-12T18:35:55","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T11:35:55","slug":"muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb A-Z v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Dinh_nghia_cua_muoi_la_gi\" >\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Lam_the_nao_de_doc_ten_muoi_nhu_the_nao\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_loai_muoi\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Cac_tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_muoi_la_gi\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Ve_mau_cua_muoi\" >V\u1ec1 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Huong_vi_cua_muoi\" >H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Mui_huong_cua_muoi\" >M\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Tinh_do_hoa_tan_cua_muoi\" >T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Diem_nong_chay_cua_muoi\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Do_dan_cua_muoi\" >\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Cac_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_muoi_la_gi\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Muoi_-muoi\" >Mu\u1ed1i -mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Hieu_ung_axit\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng axit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Anh_huong_voi_muoi\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Hieu_ung_co_so\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Phan_ung_phan_huy_muoi\" >Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Nhan_xet_ve_cac_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_cua_muoi\" >Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Lam_the_nao_de_chuan_bi_muoi\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_muoi_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_sach_giao_khoa_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp mu\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_2_ve_muoi_la_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 (s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/muoi-la-gi-tong-hop-kien-thuc-tu-a-z-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_3_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;SALT&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_cua_muoi_la_gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tr\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (mu\u1ed1i NaCl) nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1i trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-1_(1).jpg\" alt=\"\u0102n mu\u1ed1i (NaCl). (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1eady mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, trang 128 cho bi\u1ebft:<em>C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mu\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 11, Trang 9 Chi ti\u1ebft: H\u1ed3i<em>Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t khi h\u00f2a tan trong ph\u00e2n ly n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh cation kim lo\u1ea1i (ho\u1eb7c cation NH4+) v\u00e0 anion axit -original &#8220;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(NH4) 2SO4 \u2192 2NH4 + + SO42-<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nahco3 \u2192 na + + hco3-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n: r\u1ec5 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 axit.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: NaCl, Nano3, Cuso4, Nahco3 &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_doc_ten_muoi_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i (v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 t\u00ean axit ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-2.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Fe (NO3) 3: s\u1eaft (III) Nitrat.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">NA2SO4: Natri sulfate.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">KHCO3: Kali hydro cacbonat.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">NA2SO3: Natri sulfite.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ZnCl2: k\u1ebdm clorua.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_muoi\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8 v\u00e0 11 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"Natri cacbonat mu\u1ed1i. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i: mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a: L\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a l\u00e0 anion d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean axit c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ion H+ (hydro axit). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0: Na2CO3, Na2SO4.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i axit: Mu\u1ed1i axit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 axit d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean axit v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hidro H ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a r\u1ec5 axit b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e2ng cao, n\u1ebfu anion d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean axit c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 hydro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ion H+, th\u00ec mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0: nah2po4, nahco3, nahso4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_muoi_la_gi\"><\/span>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-9_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Mu\u1ed1i r\u1eafn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong su\u1ed1t. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ve_mau_cua_muoi\"><\/span>V\u1ec1 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i r\u1eafn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 NaCl (natri clorua). Mu\u1ed1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb cation ho\u1eb7c anion.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, mu\u1ed1i natri cromat (NA2CRO4) c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng do c\u00e1c ion cromat; Mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) Sulfate (Cuso4) c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh; Kali dichromate (K2CR2O7) l\u00e0 ion diicromat iona &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huong_vi_cua_muoi\"><\/span>H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, mu\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1i (NaCl) c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n, kali bitartrate (KC4H5O6) c\u00f3 v\u1ecb chua, magi\u00ea sulfate (MGSO4) c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mui_huong_cua_muoi\"><\/span>M\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 baz\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh (&#8220;mu\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh&#8221;) kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, &#8220;mu\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5m) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf li\u00ean h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (theo wikipedia.org).<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_do_hoa_tan_cua_muoi\"><\/span>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n anion v\u00e0 cation. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion n\u00e0y trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ion v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, mu\u1ed1i kali ho\u1eb7c natri th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem_nong_chay_cua_muoi\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 801 \u0111\u1ed9 C. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_dan_cua_muoi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_muoi_la_gi\"><\/span>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-5.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muoi_-muoi\"><\/span>Mu\u1ed1i -mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u00e2m m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng trong dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ea1c nitrat s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u x\u00e1m d\u00ednh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u xanh. Quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1c t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ea1c nitrat v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch nitrat.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cu (r) + 2Agno3 (dd) \u2192 Cu (No3) 2 (dd) + 2Ag (r)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i Cu, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft (Fe), k\u1ebdm (Zn) c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi CUSO4, dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_axit\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng axit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi axit, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 axit m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh: \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 1ml dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Bacl2 (barium clorua) ho\u1eb7c BA (NO3) 2 (bari nitrat) s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, Baso4 v\u00e0 Axit m\u1edbi HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Bacl2 (r) + h2SO4 (dd) \u2192 baso4 (r) + 2HCl (dd)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_voi_muoi\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 2 mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh: \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch nitrat b\u1ea1c (AgNO3) v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi 1ml dung d\u1ecbch natri clorua (NaCl). Quan s\u00e1t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">AgNO3 (DD) + NaCl (DD) \u2192 AgCl (R) + Nano3 (DD)<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_co_so\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho dung d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 baz\u01a1 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh: \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Cuso4 v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a 1 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. Quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng di chu\u1ed9t trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1i Cuso4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t oxit \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) Cu (OH) 2 v\u1edbi m\u00e0u xanh kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CUSO4 (DD) + 2NOH (DD) \u2192 Cu (OH) 2 (DD) + NA2SO4 (R)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_ung_phan_huy_muoi\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nhi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 Kclo3, Caco3, KMNO4 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2kclo3 (r) \u2192 t \u00b0 2kCl (r) + 3O2 (k)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Caco3 (r) \u2192 t \u00b0 (r) + CO2 (k)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhan_xet_ve_cac_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_cua_muoi\"><\/span>Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi axit, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c baz\u01a1, v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Bacl2 (dd) + na2so4 (dd) \u2192 baso4 (r) + 2NaCl (dd)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NaCl l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0o? T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>Mu\u1ed1i kali nitrat: \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_chuan_bi_muoi\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi axit, kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf &#8230;<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_muoi_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_sach_giao_khoa_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp mu\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/muoi-la-gi-7.jpg\" alt=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) T\u1ea1o kh\u00ed, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, mu\u1ed1i carbonate (Caco3, Na2Co3, NAHCO3) ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i sulfite (NA2SO3) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi axit (pha lo\u00e3ng HCl, H2SO4):<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Caco3 + H2SO4 \u2192 CASO4 + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na2Co3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 NA2SO4 + SO2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) T\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i (BACL2, BA (CH3COO) 2, BA (NO3) 2 &#8230;) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a baso4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Bacl2 + h2SO4 \u2192 baso4 + 2HCl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">BA (CH3COO) 2 + H2SO4 \u2192 BASO4 + 2CH3COOH<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Bari ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i carbonate (NA2CO3, K2CO3) t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Baco3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">BA (NO3) 2 + Na2Co3 \u2192 Baco3 + 2NaNo3<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2_ve_muoi_la_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 (s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 3 l\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 longan, m\u1ed7i chai ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i sau: Cuso4, AgNO3, NaCl. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh container trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o t\u1eebng m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a AgNO3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng CUSO4 v\u00e0 NaCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">NaCl + AGNO3 \u2192 AGCL + Nano3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o hai m\u1eabu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: m\u1eabu n\u00e0o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CUSO4, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 NaCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cuso4 + 2naoh \u2192 Cu (OH) 2 \u2193 + Na2SO4.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_9_trang_33\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9, trang 33)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i sau: Mg (NO3) 2, CUCL2. Vui l\u00f2ng cho bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C) Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p AgNO3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i Mg (NO3) 2 v\u00e0 CUCL2 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Mg (OH) 2, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cu (OH) 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mg (NO3) 2 + 2Naoh \u2192 mg (OH) 2 \u2193 + 2Nano3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cucl2 + 2naoh \u2192 Cu (OH) 2 \u2193 + 2NaCl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i CUCL2 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng AgCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CUCL2 + 2AGNO3 \u2192 2AGCL \u2193 + Cu (NO3) 2<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc trang web th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;SALT&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26033"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27608,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26033\/revisions\/27608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}