{"id":21801,"date":"2025-07-08T22:30:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T15:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=21801"},"modified":"2025-07-10T12:05:10","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T05:05:10","slug":"quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Quy_tac_hoa_tri_la_gi\" >Quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Bang_hoa_tri_cua_mot_so_yeu_to_hoa_hoc_pho_bien\" >B\u1ea3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Cac_quy_tac_cua_hoa_tri_duoc_su_dung_de_lam_gi\" >C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Ap_dung_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri_de_tinh_toan_hoa_tri_lieu_cua_mot_yeu_to\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Ap_dung_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri_de_xay_dung_cac_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_cua_hoa_tri_lieu\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Cac_loai_danh_gia_kien_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bthuc_ve_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Mau_1_Ly_thuyet_bai_hoc_ve_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri\" >M\u1eabu 1: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Mau_2_Hoa_tri_cua_mot_yeu_to\" >M\u1eabu 2: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Mau_3_Tim_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_chinh_xac\" >M\u1eabu 3: T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Mau_4_Tim_hoa_tri_cua_mot_nguyen_to_va_chon_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_phu_hop\" >M\u1eabu 4: T\u00ecm h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-la-gi-van-dung-quy-tac-hoa-tri-nhu-the-nao\/#Bai_tap_tap_the_duc_trong_hoa_tri_lieu_lop_8_de_hoc_sinh_tu_dao_tao\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c trong h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp 8 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. Tham gia Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_tac_hoa_tri_la_gi\"><\/span>Quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb H l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a O l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc NH3 (amoniac), N (NITO) c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u III.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-1.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc HCl: xxa = bxy = 1<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc NH3: xxa = yxb = 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bang_hoa_tri_cua_mot_so_yeu_to_hoa_hoc_pho_bien\"><\/span>B\u1ea3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_quy_tac_cua_hoa_tri_duoc_su_dung_de_lam_gi\"><\/span>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri_de_tinh_toan_hoa_tri_lieu_cua_mot_yeu_to\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, xxa = yx b. T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n A (ho\u1eb7c B) khi bi\u1ebft A, Y v\u00e0 B (ho\u1eb7c A).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a CTHH. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxit nh\u00f4m (AL2O3) bi\u1ebft oxy c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m (AL) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 a. Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: AX 2 = 3 x II =&gt; A = III.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 III.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri_de_xay_dung_cac_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_cua_hoa_tri_lieu\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i ra theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft A v\u00e0 B (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t) s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y X v\u00e0 Y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">xxa = yxb =&gt; x\/y = b\/a = b &#039;\/a&#039;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1ea5y x = b ho\u1eb7c b &#039;; y = a ho\u1eb7c a &#039;(n\u1ebfu a&#039; v\u00e0 b &#039;l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n a v\u00e0 b).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi magi\u00ea (mg) v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a II v\u00e0 oxy (O) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: mgxoy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: XX II = II XY chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: X\/Y = II\/II = 1\/1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x = 1 v\u00e0 y = 1 =&gt; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 MGO.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u natri (NA) h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u I v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m (CO3) II.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung: NAX (CO3) Y.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3: XX I = YX II. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh: x\/y = ii\/i = 2\/1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u00e0: NA2CO3.<\/em><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #fbeeb8\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 2k\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/button_dang-ky-ngay-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_danh_gia_kien_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bthuc_ve_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8, B\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8 (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/quy-tac-hoa-tri-8.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_1_Ly_thuyet_bai_hoc_ve_cac_quy_tac_hoa_tri\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 1: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. L\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e2u tr\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ Bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc K2SO4, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb k, nh\u00f3m (SO4) h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u II. Vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ Quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: <em>&#8220;Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.&#8221;<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ Theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a K v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 k b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m (SO4) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (I x 2 = II x 1) v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc K2SO4 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_2_Hoa_tri_cua_mot_yeu_to\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 2: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau, bi\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb gia t\u1ed9c I:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">ZnCl2, Cucl, Alcl3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb Fe trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t FESO4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CL:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ZnCl2, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u Zn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1edfi v\u00ec CL c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u I, theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: AX 1 = I x 2 =&gt; A = 2. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Zn (k\u1ebdm) v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 II.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CUCL, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Cu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: AX 1 = I x 1 =&gt; A = I. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CUCL, Cu c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u I.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ALCL3, h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u AL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: Ax 1 = I x 3 =&gt; a = iii. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Al c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 III.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ G\u1ecdi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft (Fe) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t FESO4 l\u00e0 a. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m (SO4) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 II.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3: AX 1 = II x 1 =&gt; a = ii. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb Fe l\u00e0 ii.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_3_Tim_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_chinh_xac\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 3: T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MGCL, Kh\u00f4ng, CaCl2, Naco3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ec9 ra: cl, k, na c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb i; Mg, nh\u00f3m (CO3) v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II. Vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sai v\u00e0 s\u1eeda n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft sai l\u00e0: MGCL, KO, NACO3;<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: MGCL2, K2O, NA2CO3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mau_4_Tim_hoa_tri_cua_mot_nguyen_to_va_chon_cong_thuc_hoa_hoc_phu_hop\"><\/span>M\u1eabu 4: T\u00ecm h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ T\u00ecm h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a BA v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m (PO4) trong B\u1ea3ng 1 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng 2 (trang 42, 43 S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 8).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. BAPO4 B. BA2PO4 C. BA3PO4 D. BA3 (PO4) 2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1\/ h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a BA l\u00e0 II, nh\u00f3m (PO4) l\u00e0 III<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2\/ G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Bax (PO4) y<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3: XX II = III XY =&gt; X\/Y = III\/II = 3\/2. Do \u0111\u00f3: x = 3; y = 2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 BA3 (PO4) 2. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 D.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_tap_the_duc_trong_hoa_tri_lieu_lop_8_de_hoc_sinh_tu_dao_tao\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c trong h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u l\u1edbp 8 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 1: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a AL trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ALCL3 (bi\u1ebft CL c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u I)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. i<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. ii<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. iii<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. IV<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 2: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau, bi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t H c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 O h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II. <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A\/ KH, H2S, CH4 <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B\/ FEO, AG2O, SiO2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A\/ ki, sii, civ b) feii, agii, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feiii, agii, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feii, agi, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feiii, agi, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 3: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 FE trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t FECL2 l\u00e0: (bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng CL c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A\/ ki, sii, civ b) feii, agii, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feiii, agii, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feii, agi, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. a\/ ki, sii, civ b) feiii, agi, siiv<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 4: Bi\u1ebft BA c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II v\u00e0 PO4 v\u1edbi Valence III. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed BA v\u00e0 PO4 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. Bapo4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. BA2PO4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. BA3PO4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. BA3 (PO4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 5: M\u1ed9t oxit c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Al2ox c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 102. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Al trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxit n\u00e0y l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. i<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. iii<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. ii<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. IV<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 6: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t BA (NO3) Y c\u00f3 PTK l\u00e0 261. Bari c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 137, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m No3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">     A. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb i<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc III<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb IV<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 7: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed X c\u00f3 Valence III, C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X v\u1edbi SO4 (ii) l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. XSO4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. X (SO4) 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. x2 (SO4) 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. X3SO4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 8: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb CTHH v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n PTK c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A\/ Fe (iii) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m OH <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B\/ Zn (II) v\u00e0 PO4 (iii) nh\u00f3m<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. A\/ Fe (OH) 3 = 107 \u0110VC; B\/ Zn3 (PO4) 2 = 385 \u0110VC        <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. A\/ Fe (OH) 2 = 90 \u0110VC; B\/ Zn3 (PO4) 2 = 365 \u0110VC<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. A\/ Fe (OH) 3 = 107 \u0110VC; B\/ Zn3 (PO4) 2 = 375 \u0110VC<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. A\/ Fe (OH) 2 = 90 \u0110VC; B\/ Zn3 (PO4) 2 = 385 \u0110VC<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 9: Bi\u1ebft s c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb IV, ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. S2O2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. S2O3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. SO2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. SO3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 10: CTHH M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 sau: ALCL4, ALNO3, AL2O3, ALS, AL3 (SO4) 2, AL (OH) 2, AL2 (PO4) 3. CTHH sai, xin vui l\u00f2ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft sai: ALCL4, ALNO3, ALS<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">    Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: ALCL3, AL (NO3) 3, AL2S3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft sai: ALCL4, ALO3, ALS, AL3 (SO4) 2,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">  EDIT: ALCL3, AL (NO3) 3, AL2S3, AL2 (SO4) 3,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft sai: ALCL4, ALNO3, ALS, AL3 (SO4) 2, AL (OH) 2,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">  EDIT: ALCL3, AL (NO3) 3, AL2S3, AL2 (SO4) 3, AL (OH) 3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft sai: ALCL4, ALNO3, ALS, AL3 (SO4) 2, AL (OH) 2, AL2 (PO4) 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">  EDIT: ALCL3, AL (NO3) 3, AL2S3, AL2 (SO4) 3, AL (OH) 3, ALPO4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ec9 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xem x\u00e9t. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc trang web th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n xung quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21801"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26236,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21801\/revisions\/26236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}