{"id":21323,"date":"2025-07-08T07:00:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T00:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=21323"},"modified":"2025-07-08T21:05:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T14:05:41","slug":"clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/","title":{"rendered":"Clo l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Dinh_nghia_clo_la_gi\" >\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a clo l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_clo\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a clo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_clo\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Anh_huong_voi_kim_loai\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Anh_huong_voi_hydro\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi hydro<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Anh_huong_voi_nuoc\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Anh_huong_voi_NaOH\" >\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi NaOH<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Ung_dung_quan_trong_cua_clo_trong_thuc_te\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a clo trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Lam_the_nao_de_chuan_bi_clo\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Cach_chuan_bi_clo_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Cach_chuan_bi_clo_trong_nganh_cong_nghiep\" >C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_khi_clo_9_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa kh\u00ed clo 9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_1_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/clo-la-gi-khai-niem-tinh-chat-ung-dung-va-cach-dieu-che\/#Bai_tap_4_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>Clo l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 metallic n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec clo hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c th\u00fa v\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_clo_la_gi\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a clo l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Clo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed9p 17, chu k\u1ef3 3 trong nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Cl. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a clo l\u00e0 35,5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 CL2. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u clo l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_clo\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a clo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec clo l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a clo bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Clo l\u00e0 kh\u00ed, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, m\u00f9i t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Clo n\u1eb7ng 2,5 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a tan 2,5 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed clo.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c: clo l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_clo\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00ecn chung, clo c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phi kim (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hydro) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i clorua, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-7.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a clo. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_voi_kim_loai\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i clorua. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh clorua s\u1eaft (III), ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi clorua t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng (ii).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3Cl (Gas &#8211; V\u00e0ng) + 2Fe (Solid &#8211; White Grey) \u2192 T \u00b0 2Fecl3 (Solid &#8211; Reddish Brown)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CL2 (kh\u00ed &#8211; v\u00e0ng) + Cu (r\u1eafn &#8211; \u0111\u1ecf) \u2192 T \u00b0 CUCL2 (r\u1eafn &#8211; tr\u1eafng)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_voi_hydro\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi hydro<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00ed clo d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hydro \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh clorua hydro. Hidro clorua r\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch axit clohydric (HCl).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CL2 (k) + H2 (k) \u2192 t \u00b0 2HCl (k)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: Clo kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi oxy.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_voi_nuoc\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00fang gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i m\u00e0u t\u00edm v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00f9i kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng clo v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3y ra theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CL2 (k) + H2O (L) \u21c4 HCl (DD) + HCLO (DD)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u01b0\u1edbc clo l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: CL2, HCl, HCLO n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, m\u00f9i t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed clo. L\u00fd do cho h\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a HCLO (axit hipoclor).<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_huong_voi_NaOH\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi NaOH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed clo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed clo ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m NaOH. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c 1-2 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. Quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y litmus m\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u00edm. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng clo \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 (k) + 2naoh (DD) \u2192 NaCl (DD) + NaClo (DD) + H2O (L)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean, clo c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y; C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p NaOH, NaCl, NaClo kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai mu\u1ed1i natri clorua (HCl) v\u00e0 natri hipoclorite (NaClo) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GIA-v t\u1eeb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 HCLO v\u00e0 NaClo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_quan_trong_cua_clo_trong_thuc_te\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a clo trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng clo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-6.jpg\" alt=\"Clo kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc -Life Daily ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y: xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, clo c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea9y v\u1ea3i, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb PVC, nh\u1ef1a, cao su, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a clo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb GIA-v t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nonmetal l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/li>\n<li>Oxit axit: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<li>Mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c t\u1eeb AZ v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_chuan_bi_clo\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, clo ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_chuan_bi_clo_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00ed clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 dung d\u1ecbch HCl c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 oxit mangan (IV) (MnO2) ho\u1eb7c KMNO4. Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00ed v\u00e0ng, m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng axit H2SO4 sulfuric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-5.png\" alt=\"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4HCl (DD &#8211; Solid) + MnO2 (r\u1eafn) \u2192 Boil nh\u1eb9 (DD) + CL2 (K) + 2H2O (L)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean MnO2 l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111en; MNCL2 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u; CL2 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_chuan_bi_clo_trong_nganh_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch natri clorua (NaCl) b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh x\u1ed1p. Kh\u00ed clo thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00ed hydro thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cat\u1ed1t, dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 NaOH.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-3.png\" alt=\"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb clo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2NACL (DD) + 2H2O (L) \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh (K) + H2 (K) + 2NOH (DD)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Tri, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea5y Bai Bang.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_khi_clo_9_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa kh\u00ed clo 9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 clo \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc clo 9 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/clo-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 clo. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khi d\u1eabn clo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh clo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a HCl v\u00e0 HCLO c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed clo h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 (k) + h2O HCl (DD) + HCLO (DD)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3Cl2 (k) + 2fe (r) \u2192 t \u00b0 2FECL3 (r)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi hydro:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CL2 (k) + H2 (k) \u2192 t \u00b0 2HCl (k)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cl2 (k) + h2O HCl (DD) + HCLO (DD)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p NaOH:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 (k) + 2naoh (DD) \u2192 NaCl (DD) + NaClo (DD) + H2O<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi clo, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, oxy v\u1edbi s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2fe (r) + 3Cl2 \u2192 2FECL3 (r) (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb FE III)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe (R) + S (R) \u2192 FES (R) (H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb FE II)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3fe (r) + 2O2 \u2192 Fe3O4 (r) (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb FE III v\u00e0 II)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_4_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_81\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 81)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00ed clo c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed clo:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p HCl; b) dung d\u1ecbch NaOH; C) dung d\u1ecbch NaCl; d) n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang? Vui l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi B (gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p NaOH). B\u1edfi v\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 (k) + 2naoh (DD) \u2192 NaCl (DD) + NaClo (DD) + H2O<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh clo. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ecdc trang web c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eefu \u00edch ti\u1ebfp theo!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clo l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 metallic n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21323"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25333,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21323\/revisions\/25333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}