{"id":21080,"date":"2025-07-08T02:41:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T19:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=21080"},"modified":"2025-07-08T02:41:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T19:41:08","slug":"tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u l\u00f5m v\u1eadt l\u00fd 7"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Guong_lom_la_gi\" >G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Anh_cua_mot_doi_tuong_duoc_tao_boi_guong_lom\" >\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Phan_chieu_anh_sang_tren_guong_lom\" >Ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Cach_ve_anh_duoc_tao_boi_guong_lom\" >C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Cong_thuc_guong_lom\" >C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Ap_dung_guong_lom\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Trong_linh_vuc_cuoc_song\" >Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Trong_linh_vuc_thien_van_hoc\" >Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tong-hop-kien-thuc-guong-cau-lom-vat-ly-7\/#Giai_cac_bai_tap_the_chat_7_bai_hoc_8_guong_lom\" >Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t 7 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 8 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbp 7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y, Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guong_lom_la_gi\"><\/span>G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u h\u01a1i l\u00f5m. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-1.jpg\" alt=\"G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anh_cua_mot_doi_tuong_duoc_tao_boi_guong_lom\"><\/span>\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh), l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Di chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfn ra kh\u1ecfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-2.jpg\" alt=\"Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n g\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra kh\u1ecfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi di chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_chieu_anh_sang_tren_guong_lom\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng song song v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f5m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-3.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00f9m tia th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 song song. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00f9m tia song song v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. Chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_ve_anh_duoc_tao_boi_guong_lom\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u1ecf. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd suy ra c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m: T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 cho, v\u1ebd hai tia (SK, SI) b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m (\u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (\u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-15.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Sau khi c\u00e1c tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (v\u1ebd c\u00e1c n\u00e9t b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai tia ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o S &#039;.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_guong_lom\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 F v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch F t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  1d+1f = 1f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: f&gt; d, khi d &lt;0, f &lt;0 v\u00e0 f &lt;0 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch D t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi tham s\u1ed1 f &lt;0: n\u1ebfu f  0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 f &lt;0, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">F = r2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong \u0111\u00f3: R l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh cong c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng, F l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_guong_lom\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, giao th\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong_linh_vuc_cuoc_song\"><\/span>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1o r\u00e2u v\u00e0 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea1o r\u00e2u, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a da. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 da tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-9.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea1o r\u00e2u, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet) \" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n pha \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e8n pha c\u1ee7a xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-11.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n pha xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: G\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng? (+ Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng BT v\u1eadt l\u00fd 7)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m g\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thu th\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-12.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trong_linh_vuc_thien_van_hoc\"><\/span>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, thay v\u00ec chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/guong-cau-lom-13.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_cac_bai_tap_the_chat_7_bai_hoc_8_guong_lom\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t 7 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 8 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 1: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. L\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 2: chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng song song v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Song song.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 3: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u00eda sau xe r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n? <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. V\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 4: Trong ba lo\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng (g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m), g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n? X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. G\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i, g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i, g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 5: T\u1ea1i sao g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u00e8n pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. V\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. V\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o h\u01a1n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. V\u00ec c\u1ea3m \u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf xa<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: c<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 6: S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. B\u00ean trong c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. M\u00e1y bay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. A, B, C l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 7: G\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. G\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eb3ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 8: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. V\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. V\u00ec chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: b<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 9: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a cua h\u1eb9p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. B\u1edfi v\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. V\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i lu\u00f4n cho \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. V\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. V\u00ec chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u 10: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m s\u1ebd cho m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. \u1ea2nh qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: c<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Hy v\u1ecdng, th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i trang web https:\/\/shininghome.edu.vn\/ba-me-can-biet\/giao-duc\/kien-thuc-co-ban\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbp 7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y, Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24861,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21080\/revisions\/24861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}