{"id":20969,"date":"2025-07-08T00:45:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T17:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=20969"},"modified":"2025-07-08T04:05:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T21:05:21","slug":"gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/","title":{"rendered":"Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng quan t\u1eeb A-Z"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Khai_niem_ve_gang_la_gi\" >Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Phan_loai_gang\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gang<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Sat_trang\" >S\u1eaft tr\u1eafng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Gang_xam\" >Gang x\u00e1m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Tinh_chat_cua_gang\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Lam_the_nao_de_san_xuat_gang\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Nguyen_lieu_tho_cho_gang_la_gi\" >Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Nguyen_tac_san_xuat_gang_la_gi\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Quy_trinh_san_xuat_gang\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Ap_dung_gang\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Bai_tap_1_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/gang-la-gi-kien-thuc-tong-quan-tu-a-z\/#Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gang lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn, c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u00cdt m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1edfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khai_niem_ve_gang_la_gi\"><\/span>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 SI, Mn, P, S, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2 &#8211; 5%. Gang c\u00f3 m\u00e0u ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u00f2n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c van c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 van b\u00f3ng, van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, van c\u1ed5ng, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/gang-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_gang\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gang<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sat_trang\"><\/span>S\u1eaft tr\u1eafng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng gang tr\u1eafng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gang, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim Fe &#8211; C, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u1edf d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft Fe3c l\u00e0 3-3,5%. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng gang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 % C \u2264 4,3 %.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Gang tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi C = 4,3%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Gang tr\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng C \u2265 4,3 %. (Theo Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, gi\u00f2n, kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft, h\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao. Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0o gang kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gang linh ho\u1ea1t, gang x\u00e1m chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gang_xam\"><\/span>Gang x\u00e1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gang m\u00e0u x\u00e1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c carbon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng than ch\u00ec. Tr\u00e8n than ch\u00ec n\u00e0y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m, t\u1ea5m, chu\u1ed7i &#8230; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gang m\u00e0u x\u00e1m khi \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ferit v\u00e0 than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1edfi v\u00ec than ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m, gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, than ch\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a gang x\u00e1m, gi\u00fap gang m\u1ecfng manh khi c\u1eaft, gi\u1ea3m rung, gi\u1ea3m co ng\u00f3t khi tan ch\u1ea3y. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_cua_gang\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: s\u1eaft v\u00e0 carbon \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a gang l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1150 \u0111\u1ebfn 1200 \u0111\u1ed9 C, 300 \u0111\u1ed9 C, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/gang-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gang. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim gi\u00f2n. M\u00e0u x\u00e1m khi l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u1ef1 do, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh h\u1ee3p kim r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_san_xuat_gang\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1eady qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/gang-la-gi-4_(1).jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_lieu_tho_cho_gang_la_gi\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho qu\u1eb7ng gang l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 qu\u1eb7ng manhetite (ch\u1ee9a Fe304), qu\u1eb7ng hematit; than (than tinh ch\u1ebf); Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u oxy v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i Caco3, &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_san_xuat_gang_la_gi\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxit carbon \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong l\u00f2.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_san_xuat_gang\"><\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Qu\u1eb7ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, than \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 cao qua mi\u1ec7ng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp xen k\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng CO:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  C (r) + O2 (k) \u2192 CO2 (k) (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  C (r) + CO2 (k) \u2192 2CO (k) (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m oxit s\u1eaft th\u00e0nh s\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">    3CO (K) + Fe2O3 (R) \u2192 2Fe (R) + 3CO2 (K) (\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 oxit kh\u00e1c trong qu\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 MnO2, SiO2, &#8230; c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t Mn, SI, &#8230; <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y s\u1eaft h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gang l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra qua c\u1eeda gang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh cao, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi SiO2 trong qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  CaO (R) + SiO3 (R) \u2192 Casio3 (r) (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o x\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong l\u00f2 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_gang\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gang<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/gang-la-gi-5_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ed1n cong l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e9n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 (thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, phay, di \u0111\u1ed9ng, &#8230;), th\u00e2n m\u00e1y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c van c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: van c\u1ed5ng, van b\u01b0\u1edbm, van b\u00f3ng, van c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed n\u00e9n, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, v\u1ecf h\u1ed1 ga, r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n &#8230; v\u00ec an to\u00e0n cao, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trang tr\u00ed, gang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fac t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Iron Metal: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/gang-la-gi-6.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng metal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u1edbi carbon, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon chi\u1ebfm 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 5%. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong gang, mn, s &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e9p l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. S\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng gang tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e9p, s\u1eaft x\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng oxit carbon \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong l\u00f2 (l\u00f2 cao). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C + O2 \u2192 CO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C + CO2 \u2192 2CO<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Eria lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit s\u1eaft trong qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft th\u00e0nh s\u1eaft:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3CO + FE2O3 \u2192 3CO2 + 2FE<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MNO2 + 2CO \u2192 Mn + 2CO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">SiO2 + 2CO \u2192 SI + 2CO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1eaft h\u00f2a tan carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gang.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9_trang_63\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9, trang 63)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e9p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e9p: H\u1ee7y b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi s\u1eaft, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a carbon, silicon, mangan &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u1ed5i oxy v\u00e0o l\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a s\u1eaft v\u00e0o FEO. Sau \u0111\u00f3, FEO s\u1ebd oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong gang nh\u01b0 C, MN, SI, P, S. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2Fe + O2 \u2192 2feo<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">FEO + C \u2192 Fe + CO<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2FEO + SI \u2192 2FE + SiO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">FEO + Mn \u2192 Fe + Mno.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trang web Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n!<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gang lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn, c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u00cdt m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1edfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y! Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20969"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24900,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20969\/revisions\/24900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}