{"id":20956,"date":"2025-07-08T00:30:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T17:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=20956"},"modified":"2025-07-08T05:36:15","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T22:36:15","slug":"thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Khai_niem_thep_la_gi\" >Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Phan_loai_thep\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Tinh_chat_cua_thep\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Lam_the_nao_de_san_xuat_thep\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Nguyen_lieu_tho_chinh_de_san_xuat_thep_la_gi\" >Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Nguyen_tac_san_xuat_thep_la_gi\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Qua_trinh_san_xuat_thep\" >Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Ap_dung_thep\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Ung_dung_trong_nganh_xay_dung\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Ung_dung_thep_trong_nganh_dong_tau\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_thep_9_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u00e9p 9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Bai_1_SGK_Hoa_hoc_9_Trang_63\" >B\u00e0i 1 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9 Trang 63<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/thep-la-gi-dinh-nghia-tinh-chat-cach-san-xuat-va-ung-dung\/#Bai_3_SGK_Hoa_hoc_9_Trang_63\" >B\u00e0i 3 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9 Trang 63<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. V\u1eady th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khai_niem_thep_la_gi\"><\/span>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft v\u1edbi carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon chi\u1ebfm \u00edt h\u01a1n 2%. Th\u00e9p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_thep\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-10_(1).jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p theo h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0,25%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p carbon trung b\u00ecnh: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,25-0,6%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p carbon cao: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,6-2%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p: T\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2,5%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim trung b\u00ecnh: T\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb 2,5-10%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao: T\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_cua_thep\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 carbon (c), s\u1eaft (Fe), nit\u01a1 (n), l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (s) &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-9_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon trong th\u00e9p. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u carbon trong th\u00e9p, th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon trong th\u00e9p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0n th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_san_xuat_thep\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1eady qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-8.png\" alt=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e9p. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_lieu_tho_chinh_de_san_xuat_thep_la_gi\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p l\u00e0 gang, s\u1eaft ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 oxy.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_san_xuat_thep_la_gi\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gang h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a carbon, silicon, mangan, &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qua_trinh_san_xuat_thep\"><\/span>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c. Oxy s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o l\u00f2 gang n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong gang nh\u01b0 C, Mn, SI, S, P, &#8230; s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c t\u1eeb AZ<\/li>\n<li>Iron Metal: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_thep\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_nganh_xay_dung\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0, th\u00e9p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-7_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_thep_trong_nganh_dong_tau\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, th\u00e9p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e0u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e9p cho th\u00e2n t\u00e0u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_tren_sach_giao_khoa_thep_9_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u00e9p 9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/thep-la-gi-6.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_SGK_Hoa_hoc_9_Trang_63\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9 Trang 63<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00e9p? Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">  S\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u1edbi carbon, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon chi\u1ebfm 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 5%. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong gang, mn, s &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon chi\u1ebfm \u00edt h\u01a1n 2%.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Gang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e9p, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_3_SGK_Hoa_hoc_9_Trang_63\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 3 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9 Trang 63<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e9p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon, silicon, mangan, &#8230; ra kh\u1ecfi gang. Th\u1ed5i oxy v\u00e0o l\u00f2 gang n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a oxy h\u00f3a s\u1eaft th\u00e0nh FEO. FEO sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong gang nh\u01b0 C, MN, SI, P, S. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">      2Fe + O2 \u2192 2feo<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">      FEO + C \u2192 Fe + CO<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">      2FEO + SI \u2192 2FE + SiO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">        FEO + Mn \u2192 Fe + MNO<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. V\u1eady th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20956"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24941,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20956\/revisions\/24941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}