{"id":20883,"date":"2025-07-07T23:20:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T16:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=20883"},"modified":"2025-07-10T10:35:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T03:35:34","slug":"hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &amp; \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Hop_chat_huu_co_la_gi\" >H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Dac_diem_chung_cua_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\" >\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Phan_loai_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Cau_truc_phan_tu_hop_chat_huu_co_la_gi\" >C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Hoa_tri_va_lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu\" >H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Mach_carbon\" >M\u1ea1ch carbon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Thu_tu_lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_trong_phan_tu\" >Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Cong_thuc_cau_truc_cua_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\" >C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Hoa_hoc_huu_co_la_gi\" >H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#So_sanh_cac_hop_chat_vo_co_va_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\" >So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Tap_the_duc_tren_cac_hop_chat_huu_co_va_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_huu_co_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Bai_1_Trang_108_Sach_giao_khoa_Hoa_hoc_9\" >B\u00e0i 1 Trang 108 S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Bai_3_Trang_108_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9\" >B\u00e0i 3 Trang 108 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-khai-niem-dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/#Bai_1_Trang_112_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9\" >B\u00e0i 1 Trang 112 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 xung quanh ch\u00fang ta, trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 &#8230; t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1eady h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hop_chat_huu_co_la_gi\"><\/span>H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng b\u00f4ng tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh: \u0110\u1ed1t cotton, \u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111ang ch\u00e1y. Khi \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edd d\u1ea7n, quay, \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-12_(2).png\" alt=\"Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a carbon. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng trong v\u1eaft. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t b\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra CO2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, n\u1ebfn, r\u01b0\u1ee3u &#8230; c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng carbon khi \u0111\u1ed1t carbon b\u1eb1ng oxy t\u1ea1o ra CO2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t carbon.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m? Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a carbon (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb CO, CO2, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, Xianuide, Carbua &#8230;). Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 than, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_diem_chung_cua_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 carbon.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh trong ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p (r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">  C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-21.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i: d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hydrocarbon v\u00e0 hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Hydrocarbon l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 carbon (C) v\u00e0 hydro (H). (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH4, C2H4, C6H6, &#8230;)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hydrocarbon l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ngo\u00e0i hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, carbon v\u00e0 hydro c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c: oxy, nit\u01a1, clo &#8230; (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C2H6O, C2H5O2N, CH3Cl, &#8230;)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-3.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 theo m\u1ea1ch carbon. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_phan_tu_hop_chat_huu_co_la_gi\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoa_tri_va_lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 carbon, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb IV, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb hydro I, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00f4 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-15.png\" alt=\"C, H, O. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C v\u00e0 H, C v\u00e0 O ho\u1eb7c C v\u00e0 C, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vui l\u00f2ng xem c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: Xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Metan CH4 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/metan-la-gi-12.png\" alt=\"Kh\u00ed m\u00ea -tan - CH4. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: Xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed methanol CH3OH nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-14.png\" alt=\"Methanol CH3OH. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3: Xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed Etan CH3-CH3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-16.png\" alt=\"Kh\u00ed Etan CH3-CH3. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mach_carbon\"><\/span>M\u1ea1ch carbon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch carbon. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch carbon:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-4..png\" alt=\"C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch carbon. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"229\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thu_tu_lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_trong_phan_tu\"><\/span>Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H6O c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ea5t: r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethyl (ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng) v\u00e0 dumetyl ether (gas)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y: Hai ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethyl kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ether ether ether. <\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_cau_truc_cua_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-17.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  Kh\u00ed m\u00eatan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">  Vi\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethyl: CH3-CH2-OH<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-20.png\" alt=\"CTCT metan v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethyl. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2H6O nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u ethyl kh\u00e1c nhau (ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng) v\u00e0 \u0110metyl ether (GAS).<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoa_hoc_huu_co_la_gi\"><\/span>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc polymer, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean &#8230; \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_sanh_cac_hop_chat_vo_co_va_cac_hop_chat_huu_co\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<table dir=\"ltr\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;border-color: initial;border-style: none;height: 327.859px\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" data-sheets-root=\"1\">\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 22.3906px;background-color: #ee202e;text-align: center\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\"}'>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 22.3906px;background-color: #ee202e;text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1\"}'>H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 22.3906px;background-color: #ee202e;text-align: center\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1\"}'>H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 63.1719px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 63.1719px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1\"}'>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 63.1719px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a cacbon (tr\u1eeb CO, CO2, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, xianua, cacbua...). Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 hi\u0111ro, oxi, nit\u01a1, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 halogen, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.\"}'>Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a carbon (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb CO, CO2, mu\u1ed1i carbonate, Xianuide, cacbua &#8230;). Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 hydro, oxy, nit\u01a1, sau \u0111\u00f3 halogen, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 63.1719px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 cacbon (nh\u01b0 CO, CO2, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, xianua, cacbua...) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng.\"}'>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 carbon (nh\u01b0 CO, CO2, mu\u1ed1i carbonate, Xianuide, Carbua &#8230;) hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44.7812px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed\"}'>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft C-H v\u00e0 C-C.\"}'>Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft CH v\u00e0 CC.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.\"}'>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ion v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44.7812px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd\"}'>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i.\"}'>Th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i hay nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao.\"}'>Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44.7812px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\"}'>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"D\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, d\u1ec5 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf.\"}'>D\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o.\"}'>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 40.7812px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 40.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\"}'>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 40.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o,...\"}'>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, &#8230;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 40.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh oxit, axit, baz\u01a1, mu\u1ed1i,...\"}'>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh oxit, axit, baz\u01a1, mu\u1ed1i, &#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44.7812px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Vai tr\u00f2\"}'>Vai tr\u00f2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 protein, axit nucleic, lipid,...\"}'>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 protein, axit nucleic, lipid, &#8230;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 44.7812px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"C\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, y t\u1ebf,...\"}'>\u0110\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, &#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22.3906px\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 22.3906px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5\"}'>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 22.3906px;background-color: #fff4f5;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"Glucose, protein, methane, ethanol,...\"}'>Glucose, protein, metan, ethanol, &#8230;<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;overflow: hidden;padding: 2px 3px;vertical-align: bottom;height: 22.3906px;background-color: #fff4f5\" data-sheets-value='{\"1\":2,\"2\":\"N\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, axit sulfuric, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i,...\"}'>N\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, axit sunfuric, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, &#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_tren_cac_hop_chat_huu_co_va_sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_huu_co_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1. T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-la-gi-20.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_Trang_108_Sach_giao_khoa_Hoa_hoc_9\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 Trang 108 S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng (r\u1eafn, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) M\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C) \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">d) Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p D) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 silicon dioxide l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p silicat c\u00f3?<\/li>\n<li>Silicon v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a silicon: chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Oxit carbon (CO) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_3_Trang_108_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 3 Trang 108 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">So s\u00e1nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a carbon trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CH4, CH3Cl, CH2CL2, CHCL3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: T\u00ednh %MC trong m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MCH4 = 16g\/mol; MCH3Cl = 50,5g\/mol; MCH2Cl2 = 85g\/mol; CHCL3 = 119,5g\/mol<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong CH4:%MC = 12 x 100% \/ 16 = 75%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong CH3Cl:%MC = 12 x 100% \/ 50,5 = 23,7%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong CH2CL2:%MC = 12 x 100% \/ 85 = 14,1%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong CHCL3:%MC = 12 x 100% \/ 119,5 = 10,04%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CH4&gt; CH3CL&gt; CH2CL2&gt; CHCL3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp: CH4&gt; CH3CL&gt; CH2CL2&gt; CHCL3.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_Trang_112_Hoa_hoc_SGK_9\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 Trang 112 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m sai trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-18.png\" alt=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hop-chat-huu-co-anh-19.jpg\" alt=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p 1 Trang 112 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 9. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 xung quanh ch\u00fang ta, trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 &#8230; t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1eady h\u1ee3p&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20883"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26193,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20883\/revisions\/26193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}