{"id":20147,"date":"2025-07-07T14:25:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=20147"},"modified":"2025-07-09T06:36:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T23:36:00","slug":"tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Tinh_the_nguyen_tu_la_gi\" >Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Tinh_chat_cua_tinh_the_nguyen_tu\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Cach_tinh_the_tich_nguyen_tu\" >C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Tinh_the_phan_tu_la_gi\" >Tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Cac_tinh_chat_chung_cua_cac_tinh_the_phan_tu\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Tap_the_duc_ve_tinh_the_nguyen_tu_va_sach_giao_khoa_tinh_the_phan_tu_hoa_hoc_10_voi_cac_giai_phap\" >T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_10_Trang_70\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 Trang 70)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_70\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 70)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_4_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-va-tinh-the-phan-tu-khai-niem-tinh-chat-va-bai-tap-thuc-hanh\/#Bai_tap_5_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_the_nguyen_tu_la_gi\"><\/span>Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-1.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng: c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon c\u00f3 4 electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng. Trong c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi 4 electron ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean 4 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_cua_tinh_the_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-6.jpg\" alt=\"Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 10 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_tinh_the_tich_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (proton v\u00e0 notron) v\u00e0 v\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (electron).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch V = 4\/3\u03c0r^3 (r l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed).<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_the_phan_tu_la_gi\"><\/span>Tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 b\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c monome kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 monome \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 halogen, O2, N2, H2, H2O, H2S, CO2, &#8230;).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-2.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a i\u1ed1t. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tinh th\u1ec3 IoT (I2) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_tinh_chat_chung_cua_cac_tinh_the_phan_tu\"><\/span>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tan ch\u1ea3y, d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 naphtalen (\u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn) v\u00e0 IoT \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00f2a tan th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 benzen, toluene, carbon &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-8.png\" alt=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng. (\u1ea2nh: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Quay l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean 4 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m \u1edf 4 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng. Trong c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng, c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n, tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng.   <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: Nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_the_duc_ve_tinh_the_nguyen_tu_va_sach_giao_khoa_tinh_the_phan_tu_hoa_hoc_10_voi_cac_giai_phap\"><\/span>T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ec9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/tinh-the-nguyen-tu-19.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_Sach_giao_khoa_hoa_hoc_10_Trang_70\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 Trang 70)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ecm c\u00e2u sai trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng carbon, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. L\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai l\u00e0 C (li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu) v\u00ec l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_70\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 70)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ecm c\u00e2u sai trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. B\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Trong c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. Trong c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Tinh th\u1ec3 IoT l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e2u sai l\u00e0 c\u00e2u B (trong tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb) v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed thu h\u00fat nhau v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ion.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Tinh th\u1ec3 ion: b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_4_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) \u0110\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) So s\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm, O2, N2, &#8230; k\u1ebft tinh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B) Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tan ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i trong khi tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ec5 tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_5_Hoa_hoc_SGK_10_Trang_71\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5 (H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SGK 10 Trang 71)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ion h\u00f3a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion n\u1ec1n trong tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion kh\u00e1 r\u1eafn, kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed theo s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c m\u1edbi h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n t\u1eeb Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef! T\u00f4i ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc!<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham chi\u1ebfu<\/p>\n<p>Crystal &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/crystal<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef! Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20147"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25526,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20147\/revisions\/25526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}