{"id":20127,"date":"2025-07-07T14:15:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=20127"},"modified":"2025-07-07T14:15:04","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:15:04","slug":"nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00f3m halogen v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Nhom_halogen_la_gi_Vi_tri_cua_nhom_halogen_trong_bang_tuan_hoan\" >Nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Cau_tao_phan_tu_cua_nhom_halogen\" >C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_nhom_halogen\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_nhom_halogen\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Nhung_phan_ung_quan_trong_minh_hoa_tinh_chat_cua_nhom_halogen\" >Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng minh h\u1ecda t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tac_dung_voi_kim_loai\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tac_dung_voi_nuoc\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tac_dung_voi_dung_dich_kiem\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tac_dung_voi_muoi_halogenua\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i halogenua<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Tac_dung_voi_hidro\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi hidro<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Cac_phuong_trinh_dieu_che_mot_so_nguyen_to_trong_nhom_halogen\" >C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong nh\u00f3m halogen<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_Flo\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Flo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_Clo\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Clo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_Brom\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Brom<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_iot\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf iot<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Ung_dung_cua_nhom_halogen_trong_doi_song\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_ve_nhom_halogen_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_1_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_2_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_3_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_4_trang_96_SGK_Hoa_10\" >B\u00e0i 4 (trang 96 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/nhom-halogen-va-tat-tan-tat-thong-tin-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_halogen_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a halogen \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m halogen bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhom_halogen_la_gi_Vi_tri_cua_nhom_halogen_trong_bang_tuan_hoan\"><\/span>Nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen (ti\u1ebfng latinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 sinh ra mu\u1ed1i). <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00f3m halogen g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o? Trong nh\u00f3m halogen bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 flo (F), Br (brom), clo (Cl), iot (I) v\u00e0 attain (At). Trong \u0111\u00f3, Atatin kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra (Theo Wikipedia).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen thu\u1ed9c\u00a0nh\u00f3m VIIA. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chu k\u00ec, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen.jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh neon. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_tao_phan_tu_cua_nhom_halogen\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 7 electron, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp: Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp s c\u00f3 2 electron, ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp p c\u00f3 5 electron.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do c\u00f3 7 electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu 1 electron l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm, do v\u1eady \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed halogen g\u00f3p chung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i electron \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c (X -X ho\u1eb7c X2, X l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed X2 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed X. Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 thu th\u00eam 1 electron. B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_nhom_halogen\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a halogen v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-3.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m halogen. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc:\u00a0Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong nh\u00f3m halogen, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt. \u0110i t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot ta th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eadm d\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i:\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc:\u00a0Flo kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tan r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tan nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m halogen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-6.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00f3m halogen. (\u1ea2nh: Ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_nhom_halogen\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ec l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t halogen t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t halogen l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi kim \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, \u0111i t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot, t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t halogen oxi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i halogenua, oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00ed hidro t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u hidro halogenua. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch axit halogenhidric.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-1.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_phan_ung_quan_trong_minh_hoa_tinh_chat_cua_nhom_halogen\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng minh h\u1ecda t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda cho m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_kim_loai\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Au v\u00e0 Pt t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i halogenua v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen I2 v\u1edbi s\u1eaft (Fe) s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 FeI2 (S\u1eaft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2M + nX2 \u2192 2MXn<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_nuoc\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Flo t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, brom v\u00e0 clo c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng I \u1ed1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">2H2O + 2F2 \u2192 4HF + O2<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">H2O + Cl2 \u2194 HCl + HClO<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">H2O + Br2 \u2194 HBrO + HBr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_dung_dich_kiem\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m lo\u00e3ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 dng d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m lo\u00e3ng ngu\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">X2 + 2NaOH \u2192 NaX + NaXO + H2O<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 + 2NaOH \u2192 NaCl + NaClO + H2O<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 dung d\u1ecbch \u2192 CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 b\u1ed9t \u2192 CaOCl2 + H2O<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ri\u00eang flo c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2F2 + 2NaOH \u2192 2NaF + H2O + OF2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">3X2 + 6KOH \u2192 5KX + KXO3 + 3H2O<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">3Cl2 + 6KOH \u2192 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (1000C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_muoi_halogenua\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i halogenua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb flo \u2013 F2) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i halogenua t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 halogen m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">X2 + 2NaX\u2019 \u2192 2NaX + X\u20192\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(X\u2019 l\u00e0 halogen c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a halogen X)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">Br2 + 2NaI \u2192 2NaBr + I2<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_hidro\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi hidro<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Halogen ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hidro t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hidro halogenua.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H2 + X2 \u2192 2HX<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi flo (F2): Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi iot (I2): Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi brom (Br2): Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1edbi clo (Cl2): Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0Polime: Chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_phuong_trinh_dieu_che_mot_so_nguyen_to_trong_nhom_halogen\"><\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong nh\u00f3m halogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_Flo\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Flo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t flo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p KF v\u00e0 HF (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng), c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng graphit (than ch\u00ec) v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 kh\u00ed H2 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed F2 tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2HF (\u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y+KF) \u00ad\u2192 H2 + F2<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_Clo\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Clo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd cho axit clohidric \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 MnO2 r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c KMnO4 r\u1eafn). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf clo t\u1eeb MnO2 c\u1ea7n x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi KMnO4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00ed clo thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed hidro clorua v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn n\u00f3 qua b\u00ecnh r\u1eeda kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch NaCl \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i HCl v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">MnO2 + 4HCl \u2192 MnCl\u00ad2 + Cl2 + 2H2O<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">2KMnO4 + 16HCl \u2192 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-7.png\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10))\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y mu\u1ed1i natri clorua ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">2NaCl \u2192 2Na + Cl2<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">2NaCl + 2H2O \u2192 H2 + 2NaOH + Cl2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_Brom\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Brom<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, brom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Sau khi t\u00e1ch Nacl ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan NaBr. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed clo oxi h\u00f3a NaBr \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Br2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2NaBr + Cl2 \u2192 2NaCl + Br2<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_iot\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf iot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, iot s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb rong bi\u1ec3n. Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t oxi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 oxi ho\u00e1 I- th\u00e0nh I2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2NaI + Cl2 -&gt; 2NaCl + I2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #c2e0f4\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">GI\u00daP CON H\u1eccC TO\u00c1N K\u1ebeT H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI TI\u1ebeNG ANH SI\u00caU TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M CH\u1ec8 TR\u00caN M\u1ed8T APP MONKEY MATH. V\u1edaI N\u1ed8I DUNG D\u1ea0Y H\u1eccC \u0110A PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u00daP B\u00c9 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N T\u01af DUY N\u00c3O B\u1ed8 V\u00c0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N CH\u1ec8 V\u1edaI KHO\u1ea2NG 2K\/NG\u00c0Y.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhantuvanmienphi.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_nhom_halogen_trong_doi_song\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m halogen trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-4.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng clo trong t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Clo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng dung m\u00f4i cacbon nh\u01b0 tetraclorua, dicloetan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, kh\u1eed d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a clo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 cao su t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1ef1a PVC, s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u2026<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Clo c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Giaven, clorua v\u00f4i, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Flo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hidrocacbon ch\u1ee9a flo. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Flo d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">D\u00f9ng NaF lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u r\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Brom<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hidrocacbon trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn brom c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c bromua \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ng phim.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t brom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea9m nhu\u1ed9m\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Iot<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Iot ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Dung d\u1ecbch 5% iot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i iot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh b\u01b0\u1edbu c\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_nhom_halogen_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong SGK \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/nhom-halogen-5.jpg\" alt=\"l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Cl2 cho c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i clorua kim lo\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Fe<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Zn<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. Cu<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Ag<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Kim lo\u1ea1i Zn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00ed clo cho c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i clorua kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + Cl2 \u2192 ZnCl2.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed clo cho 2 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i clorua kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 FeCl2 v\u00e0 FeCl3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2Fe + 3Cl2 \u2192 2FeCl3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ag, Cu kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u00eam 1e.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi hidro h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 1 trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">L\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 7 electron.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n l\u00e0: C. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t F ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a -1 do F c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a -1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +1; +3; +5; +7<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_trang_96\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3 (SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, trang 96)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t halogen (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2):<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">V\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 B. Nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_4_trang_96_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 4 (trang 96 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">So s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">c) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">So s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ed1 l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 7e. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed halogen \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 1 electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng ns2np5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 flo l\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 2 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo, brom v\u00e0 iot c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp d c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo, brom ho\u1eb7c iot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 3, 5 ho\u1eb7c electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong nh\u00f3m halogen, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt: Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc: \u0110i t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eadm d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i: T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: Flo kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tan r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tan nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8cac6\">\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Oxi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i halogenua<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c halogen gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb flo \u0111\u1ebfn iot.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi hidro, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c halogen c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_halogen_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a halogen \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen ngo\u00e0i SGK \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 1.\u00a0Axit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. T\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi bazo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit bazo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. C\u1ea3 A, B, C \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 2.\u00a0\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a axit clohidric?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i clorua.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. D\u00f9ng trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 3.\u00a0Dd HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. Cu, AgNO3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0B. Al, AgNO3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. Ag, AgNO3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. Al, Ba(NO3)2.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 4.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t sau: (\u1edf d\u1ea1ng dd)<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. NaCl, BaCl2, HCl.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B. AgNO3, NaOH, KCl.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. HCl, KOH, NaCl.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. HCl, H2SO4, NaOH.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 5.\u00a0Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 tan 16g CuO l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A. 100ml\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 200ml\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C.\u00a0 500ml\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 400ml<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 6.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y oxit n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dd HCl<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A.\u00a0 CuO, ZnO, Na2O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. MgO, CO2, FeO\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C.\u00a0 NO, CaO, Al2O3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. Fe2O3, CO, CO2<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 7.\u00a0Mu\u1ed1i NaCl t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. Trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 8.\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng thu kh\u00ed clo qua n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. V\u00ec clo tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. V\u00ec clo n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. V\u00ec clo \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. V\u00ec clo n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 9.\u00a0T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed clo?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, n\u1eb7ng g\u1ea5p 2,5 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, clo l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 10.\u00a0Clo mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phi kim \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.\u00a0\u0110\u00fang\u00a0hay sai?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 11.\u00a0Clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc giaven, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. C\u1ea3 A, B, C \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 12.\u00a0Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 13.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong chu k\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. \u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 14.\u00a0C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: H2SO4, HCl, O3, CO2. C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho nh\u1eadn?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. 1<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. 3<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C. 4<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">D. 2<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 15. D\u00e3y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ion X+, Y- v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Z \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron 1s22s22p6l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A. Li+, F-, Ne.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. Na+, Cl-, Ar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">B. Na+, F-, Ne.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. K+, Cl-, Ar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 16: \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i 11,7g halogenua NaX ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,24 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc).<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X ?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">b) T\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u00edch kh\u00ed HX thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 4,48 l\u00edt H2\u00a0\u1edf \u0111ktc ?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">c) T\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 % c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 17: Nung 12,87 g NaCl v\u1edbi H2SO4\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau l\u00edt kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111ktc v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau gam mu\u1ed1i Na2SO4, bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 H= 90%.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 18: Cho 31,6 g KMnO4\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau l\u00edt Cl2\u00a0(\u1edf \u0111ktc) n\u1ebfu H c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 75%.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 19: Cho 0,896 l\u00edt Cl2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1M \u1edf to th\u01b0\u1eddng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. T\u00ednh CM c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong dung d\u1ecbch X?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 20: Hidro clorua b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a b\u1edfi MnO2 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed clo t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12,7 gam iot t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch natri iotua. V\u1eady kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HCl l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mong r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Chia s\u1ebb n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef h\u1eefu \u00edch b\u1ea1n nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Halogen &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 08\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halogen<\/p>\n<p>Halogen chemical element group\u00a0&#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 08\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/halogen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u00f3m halogen bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Shining&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20127"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24546,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20127\/revisions\/24546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}