{"id":19920,"date":"2025-07-07T11:50:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T04:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=19920"},"modified":"2025-07-07T17:35:01","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T10:35:01","slug":"bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?  | T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Mot_bien_la_gi\" >M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Cau_truc_va_nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_khang_chien\" >C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Cau_truc_cua_dien_tro\" >C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_khang_chien\" >Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Phan_loai_khang_chien\" >Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Ap_dung_suc_de_khang_trong_cuoc_song\" >\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/bien-tro-la-gi-tim-hieu-cau-tao-hoat-dong-ung-dung\/#Giai_mot_so_bai_tap_bien_ap_vat_ly_9\" >Gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd 9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn. V\u1eady bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xung quanh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n<p>                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/image\/600x480.png\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_bien_la_gi\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb theo mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ohm (), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Georg Simon Ohm &#8211; nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong m\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-1.png\" alt=\"Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"293\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_va_nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_khang_chien\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_cua_dien_tro\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ea1y\/Ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u1ebd c\u00f3 ba ch\u00e2n trong m\u1ea1ch (ba c\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai c\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y n\u00e0y tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con l\u0103n: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e2y Nichrom c\u00f3 \u200b\u200bc\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-2.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Carbon (bi\u1ebfn than): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t carbon v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rolls: Lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n v\u1edbi d\u00e2y Nichrom cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u1ef1a d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00e2m thanh cao v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cermet: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_khang_chien\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u00fam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong m\u1ea1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong m\u1ea1ch. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y t\u0103ng \u00e2m thanh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-3.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng loa. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_loai_khang_chien\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n di \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tay<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-4.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quay l\u1ea1i. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Turner quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 xoay quanh cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1y. Thay v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ecdc theo cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea1y, trong lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xoay quanh cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n thay v\u00ec h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-5.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ea1y. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn Ran -rucky v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t slide d\u1ecdc theo cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 d\u00e0i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9, qu\u1ea5n quanh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng niken ho\u1eb7c nicrom) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y. Khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ecdc theo cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p than (chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-6.jpg\" alt=\"Bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng than. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng than (kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng). V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i quay l\u1ea1i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y xung quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c than \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Bi\u1ebfn d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-7.jpg\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p con l\u0103n. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9a d\u00f2ng DC (DC) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hai chi\u1ec1u (AC).<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ap_dung_suc_de_khang_trong_cuoc_song\"><\/span>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Bi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u00fat xo\u1eafn \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a loa, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n TV, &#8230; Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-8.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u00e2m thanh. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf OHM, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 W. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c chai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-9.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0. \u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-10.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n. (\u1ea2nh: B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Internet)\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng\/h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c p\u00edt -t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u00f4m (OHM) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_mot_so_bai_tap_bien_ap_vat_ly_9\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc 1: H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-11.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"127\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa A v\u00e0 B kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e2u n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y r\u1ebd sang \u0111\u1ea7u m<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. \u0110\u00e8n suy y\u1ebfu khi di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u m<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh khi di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n r\u1ebd sang \u0111\u1ea7u n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. c\u1ea3 ba c\u00e2u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi A. \u0110\u00e8n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh khi di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u M. <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+) qua d\u00e2y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u00e2m (-), \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m, khi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111i\u1ec3m m, khi\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e8n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh khi di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y r\u1ebd sang \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e0i 2: M\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 2,5 V v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 0,4 A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn RAN -Runce \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i 12V<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng? V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 40, khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. \u0110\u00e8n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 udh = u\u0111m = 2,5 V<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/bien-tro-12.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"160\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. \u0110\u00e8n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, I = id \u0110m = 0,4 A<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0: RG = UG: ID = 2,5: 0.4 = 6,25<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0: rt\u0111 = u: i = 12: 0.4 = 30 \u03a9<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf: RB = RT\u0111 &#8211; RG = 30 &#8211; 6.25 = 23,75<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng khi \u0111\u00e8n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">(23,75: 40) .100 % = 59.375 %<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00e0i 3: M\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 3V v\u00e0 khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 0,32A. B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i 12V. H\u1ecfi bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Do b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 qua m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I = id \u0110m = 0,32 A v\u00e0 UG = UGm = 3 V<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch: <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rt\u0111 = u: i = 12: 0.32 = 37,5<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n: r\u1ec7 = u\u0111: id = 3: 0,32 = 9.375 \u03c9<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">RB = RT\u0111 &#8211; RG = 37,5 &#8211; 9,375 = 28.125<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 kh\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn. Vui l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean truy c\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch. Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn. V\u1eady bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xung quanh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, Shining&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19920"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24621,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19920\/revisions\/24621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}