{"id":19780,"date":"2025-07-07T10:10:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T03:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=19780"},"modified":"2025-07-07T10:10:04","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T03:10:04","slug":"lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_la_gi\" >Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Lien_ket_hoa_tri_hinh_thanh_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_giong_nhau_%E2%80%93_Su_hinh_thanh_don_chat\" >Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2013 S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_Hidro_H2\" >S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Hidro (H2)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_Nito_N2\" >S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Nit\u01a1 (N2)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_khac_nhau_%E2%80%93_Su_hinh_thanh_hop_chat\" >Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_hidro_clorua_HCl\" >S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hidro clorua (HCl)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_khi_cacbon_dioxit_CO2_co_cau_tao_thang\" >S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon dioxit (CO2) (c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1eb3ng):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_may_loai\" >Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#1_Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_cuc\" >1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#2_Lien_ket_hoa_tri_khong_cuc\" >2. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#3_Lien_ket_don_phan_tu\" >3. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#4_Lien_ket_doi_phan_tu\" >4. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#5_Lien_ket_ba_phan_tu\" >5. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Tinh_chat_cua_hop_chat_cong_hoa_tri\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Moi_lien_he_giua_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_khong_cuc_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_cuc_va_lien_ket_ion\" >M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Hieu_do_am_dien_va_lien_ket_hoa_hoc\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_tap_ve_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_1_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\" >B\u00e0i 1 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_2_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\" >B\u00e0i 2 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_3_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\" >B\u00e0i 3 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_4_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\" >B\u00e0i 4 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-la-gi-ly-thuyet-va-thuc-hanh-theo-sgk-hoa-hoc-10\/#Bai_tap_van_dung_ve_cong_hoa_tri_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1eady li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong SGK H\u00f3a 10.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img_default\/monkey3.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"title\">H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef<\/p>\n<p class=\"description\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho con.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd t\u00ean<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i S\u0110T<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o 2.000+ t\u1eeb &amp; 6.000 c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n 4 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Gi\u1ecfi To\u00e1n &#8211; ti\u1ebfng Anh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n EQ &amp; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                *B\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    \u0110\u0103ng K\u00fd T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n Mi\u1ec5n Ph\u00ed<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_la_gi\"><\/span>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa\u00a02 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p electron d\u00f9ng chung. (Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: LKCHT).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hay ion trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p electron s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau.\u00a0M\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng chung electron khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lien_ket_hoa_tri_hinh_thanh_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_giong_nhau_%E2%80%93_Su_hinh_thanh_don_chat\"><\/span>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2013 S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Hidro (H2) v\u00e0 Nit\u01a1 (N2).<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_Hidro_H2\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Hidro (H2)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H (Z = 1) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron l\u00e0 ls1. Trong \u0111\u00f3, hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H g\u00f3p 1 electron t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p e chung. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed H2, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H c\u00f3 2 electron, gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm heli:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-2.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Hidro. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">M\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5m b\u00ean k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron: H: H\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: H-H. Gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H c\u00f3 1 c\u1eb7p electron li\u00ean k\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ea1ch (-).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_Nito_N2\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Nit\u01a1 (N2)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed N (Z = 7) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron l\u00e0: 1s22s22p v\u1edbi 5 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nit\u01a1 N, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p chung 3 electron \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ne.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-3.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Nit\u01a1. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed N li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng 3 c\u1eb7p electron. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ba g\u1ea1ch (=), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron: : N (6 ch\u1ea5m) N :<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: N (3 g\u1ea1ch) N<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1ec1n n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 k\u00e9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #F8CAC6\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 Hidro \u1edf tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p electron chung.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p electron chung t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed H2 v\u00e0 N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p e chung kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00fat l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lien_ket_giua_cac_nguyen_tu_khac_nhau_%E2%80%93_Su_hinh_thanh_hop_chat\"><\/span>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t &#8211; li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Hidro clorua (HCl) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed cacbon dioxit (CO2).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_hidro_clorua_HCl\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hidro clorua (HCl)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hi\u0111ro clorua, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H v\u00e0 C g\u00f3p 1 electron t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 1 c\u1eb7p electron chung.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a clo l\u00e0 3,16 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hidro l\u00e0 2,20 =&gt; C\u1eb7p electron li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Clo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eb7p electron chung b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1eb7p electron chung l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H :CI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_hinh_thanh_phan_tu_khi_cacbon_dioxit_CO2_co_cau_tao_thang\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon dioxit (CO2) (c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1eb3ng):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a C (Z = 6) l\u00e0 1s22s22p2 v\u1edbi 4 e \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a O (Z = 8) l\u00e0 1s22s22p4 v\u1edbi 6 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CO2, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C \u1edf gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C g\u00f3p chung v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O 2 e, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O g\u00f3p chung v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C 2 e t\u1ea1o ra 2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-4.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CO2 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1eb3ng. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a CO2, ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C hay O \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 8 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 3,44 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C l\u00e0 2,55 =&gt; C\u1eb7p electron chung l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda oxi.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa oxi v\u00e0 cacbon l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng CO2 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1eb3ng n\u00ean hai li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (C = 0) tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: CO2 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_may_loai\"><\/span>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p electron gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. V\u1eady li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-5.jpg\" alt=\"Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_cuc\"><\/span>1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c electron d\u00f9ng chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra: M\u1ed9t b\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c electron kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n ph\u00eda h\u01a1i \u00e2m ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Lien_ket_hoa_tri_khong_cuc\"><\/span>2. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c electron l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra: C\u1ea3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nhau th\u00ec s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed (diatomic).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Lien_ket_don_phan_tu\"><\/span>3. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra khi hai ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p electron duy nh\u1ea5t. So v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 ba, li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t e s\u1ebd \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Lien_ket_doi_phan_tu\"><\/span>4. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed chia s\u1ebb hai c\u1eb7p e cho nhau. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ngang gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Lien_ket_ba_phan_tu\"><\/span>5. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 ba c\u1eb7p electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_cua_hop_chat_cong_hoa_tri\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb mang nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-6.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eaft, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh,\u2026), ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (r\u01b0\u1ee3u, n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u2026) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (clo, cacbonic, hidro,\u2026). C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 entanpi h\u00f3a h\u01a1i c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ede nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ancol etylic,\u2026 s\u1ebd tan nhi\u1ec1u trong dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ede nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ion, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh&#8230; tan trong nh\u1eefng dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 cacbon tetraclorua, benzen,.. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ko c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #FBEEB8\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">GI\u00daP CON H\u1eccC TO\u00c1N K\u1ebeT H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI TI\u1ebeNG ANH SI\u00caU TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M CH\u1ec8 TR\u00caN M\u1ed8T APP MONKEY MATH. V\u1edaI N\u1ed8I DUNG D\u1ea0Y H\u1eccC \u0110A PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u00daP B\u00c9 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N T\u01af DUY N\u00c3O B\u1ed8 V\u00c0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N CH\u1ec8 V\u1edaI 2K\/NG\u00c0Y.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/xemchitiet.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\" height=\"42\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_lien_he_giua_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_khong_cuc_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_co_cuc_va_lien_ket_ion\"><\/span>M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1eady m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p electron chung \u1edf gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ta c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p electron chung l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 1 ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu c\u1eb7p electron chung l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_do_am_dien_va_lien_ket_hoa_hoc\"><\/span>Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i theo thang \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Pau &#8211; Linh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 1px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #f8cac6;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #f8cac6;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;0,4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u1eeb 0,4 \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;1,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #fbeeb8\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&gt;= 1,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 cho ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ta c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NaCl c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n = 3,16 \u2013 0,93 = 2,23 &gt; 1,7 =&gt;\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Na v\u00e0 C l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed HCL c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n = 3,16 \u2013 2,2 = 0,96 =&gt; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa H v\u00e0 C l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed H2 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n = 220 \u2013 2,20 = 0,0 =&gt; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_lien_ket_cong_hoa_tri_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-7.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_1_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 1 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi kim v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eb7p electron chung b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng chung electron c\u1ee7a 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p electron chung.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: D l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_2_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 2 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1eb7p electron l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 0,4 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1,7.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1edbn th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: B l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_3_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 3 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10):\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng proton c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: A l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_4_trang_64_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i 4 (trang 64 SGK H\u00f3a 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c. Cho th\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 : K+ + Cl- \u2192 KCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p electron chung.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/lien-ket-cong-hoa-tri-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_van_dung_ve_cong_hoa_tri_de_hoc_sinh_tu_luyen\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong SGK H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 10, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f9ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 1.\u00a0X\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ion: LiCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ion nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. LiCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. KCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. RbCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. CsCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 2.\u00a0Cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n: Be (1,5), Al (1,5), Mg (1,2), Cl (3,0), N (3,0), H (2,1), S (2,5), O (3,5). Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. H2S, NH3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. BeCl2, BeS.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. MgO, Al2O3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. MgCl2, AlCl3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 3.\u00a0Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Al c\u00f3 3 electron h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Ki\u1ec3u li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi n\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed flo:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 4.\u00a0Cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t: NH3, H2O, K2S, MgCl2, Na2O, CH4, Ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. NH3, H2O, K2S, MgCl2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. K2S, MgCl2, Na2O, CH4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. NH3, H2O, Na2O, CH4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. K2S, MgCl2, Na2O<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 5.\u00a0C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. 1s22s22p3\u00a0v\u00e0 1s22s22p5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B.1s22s1\u00a0v\u00e0 1s22s22p5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. 1s22s1\u00a0v\u00e0 1s22s22p63s23p2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D.1s22s22p1\u00a0v\u00e0 1s22s22p63s23p6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 6.\u00a0Cho 3 ion : Na+, Mg2+, F-\u00a0. T\u00ecm c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh sai .<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. 3 ion tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron gi\u1ed1ng nhau .<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. 3 ion tr\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 n\u01a1tron kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. 3 ion tr\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 electron b\u1eb1ng nhau<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. 3 ion tr\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 proton b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 7.\u00a0Trong d\u00e3y oxit sau: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3\u00a0, SiO2\u00a0, P2O5\u00a0, SO3\u00a0, Cl2O7\u00a0. Nh\u1eefng oxit c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. Na2O , SiO2\u00a0, P2O5\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. MgO, Al2O3\u00a0, P2O5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. Na2O, MgO, Al2O3\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. SO3, Cl2O3\u00a0, Na2O .<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 8.\u00a0Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t : HF, NaCl, CH4, Al2O3, K2S, MgCl2. S\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 (\u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a K: 0,82; Al: 1,61; S: 2,58; Cl: 3,16 v\u00e0 O: 3,44; Mg: 1,31; H: 2,20; C: 2,55; F: 4,0) :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. 3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. 4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 9: \u00a0Cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t: NH3, Na2S, CO2, CaCl2, MgO, C2H2. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft CHT l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. CO2, C2H2, MgO<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. NH3.CO2, Na2S<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. NH3\u00a0, CO2, C2H2<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. CaCl2, Na2S, MgO<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 10: Cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n Cs: 0,79; Ba: 0,89; Cl: 3,16; H: 2,2; S: 2,58; F: 3,98: Te: 2,1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: H2Te , H2S, CsCl, BaF2\u00a0. Ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. BaF2. <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. CsCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. H2Te <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. H2S.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 11: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%\">A. 1 c\u1eb7p electron chung<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%\">B. 2 c\u1eb7p electron chung<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%\">C. 3 c\u1eb7p electron chung<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%\">D. 1 hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p electron chung<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 12: S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 trong NH4+, NO2-\u00a0, v\u00e0 HNO3\u00a0l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. +5, -3, +3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. -3, +3, +5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. +3, -3, +5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. +3, +5, -3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 13: Cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sau : C2H2\u00a0(1) ; BF3\u00a0(2) ; BeCl2\u00a0(3) ; C2H4\u00a0(4) ; CH4\u00a0(5) ; Cl2\u00a0(6) ; H2\u00a0(7) ; H2O (8) ; NH3\u00a0(9) ; HCl (10). Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1edd :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">a. S\u1ef1 lai ho\u00e1 sp c\u00e1c AO ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. (1), (3), (6).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. (1), (2), (3), (5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. (1), (3), (4), (7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. (1), (3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C\u00e2u 14: H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a N trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NH4Cl l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">A. 4 v\u00e0 -3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">B. 3 v\u00e0 +5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">C. 5 v\u00e0 +5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">D. 3 v\u00e0 -3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 150%;background: white;margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt 0in\">C\u00e2u 15: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t , \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ion sau:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">a) H2S, S, H2SO3, H2SO4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">b) HCl, HClO, NaClO2, HClO3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;line-height: 150%;background: white\">c) Mn, MnCl2, MnO2, KMnO4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SGK H\u00f3a 10. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Truy c\u1eadp website c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadp th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Covalent Bond &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 15\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covalent_bond<\/p>\n<p>Covalent Bond &#8211; Definition, Types, Properties, and Examples\u00a0 &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 15\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/byjus.com\/jee\/covalent-bond\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1eady li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19780"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24438,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19780\/revisions\/24438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}