{"id":19069,"date":"2025-07-06T22:50:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T15:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=19069"},"modified":"2025-07-08T05:36:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T22:36:21","slug":"axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Axit nitric (HNO3): C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Axit_nitric_la_gi\" >Axit nitric l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_axit_nitric_HNO3\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a axit nitric HNO3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_axit_nitric\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit nitric<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Axit_nitric_la_mot_trong_nhung_axit_manh_nhat\" >Axit nitric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng axit m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Axit_nitric_co_tinh_oxi_hoa\" >Axit nitric c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tac_dung_voi_kim_loai\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tac_dung_voi_phi_kim\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tac_dung_voi_hop_chat\" >T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Cach_dieu_che_axit_nitric_HNO3\" >C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric HNO3<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Dieu_che_axit_nitric_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#3_giai_doan_san_xuat_axit_nitric_trong_cong_nghiep\" >3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit nitric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Ung_dung_pho_bien_nhat_cua_axit_nitric_HNO3_trong_thuc_tien\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit nitric (HNO3) trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Ung_dung_axit_nitric_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Ung_dung_axit_nitric_trong_cong_nghiep\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng axit nitric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Nhung_luu_y_quan_trong_ban_can_biet_khi_su_dung_axit_nitric\" >Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Tiep_xuc_voi_axit_nitric_co_the_gay_nhung_ton_thuong_gi\" >Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit nitric c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Luu_y_can_nho_de_dam_bao_an_toan_khi_tiep_xuc_voi_axit_nitric\" >L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit nitric<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Bai_tap_ve_axit_nitric_SGK_Hoa_hoc_11_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit nitric SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Giai_bai_1_trang_45_SGK_Hoa_11\" >Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 1 trang 45 SGK H\u00f3a 11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Giai_bai_2_SGK_Hoa_11_trang_45\" >Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 2 SGK H\u00f3a 11 trang 45<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Giai_bai_3_SGK_trang_45_Hoa_11\" >Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 3 SGK trang 45 H\u00f3a 11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/axit-nitric-hno3-cau-tao-phan-tu-tinh-chat-cach-dieu-che-va-ung-dung\/#Giai_bai_7_Hoa_lop_11_trang_45_SGK\" >Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 7 H\u00f3a l\u1edbp 11 trang 45 SGK<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric (HNO3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1eady axit n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit nitric trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img_default\/monkey3.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"title\">H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef<\/p>\n<p class=\"description\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho con.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd t\u00ean<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i S\u0110T<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o 2.000+ t\u1eeb &amp; 6.000 c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n 4 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Gi\u1ecfi To\u00e1n &#8211; ti\u1ebfng Anh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n EQ &amp; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                *B\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    \u0110\u0103ng K\u00fd T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n Mi\u1ec5n Ph\u00ed<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-1_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Axit nitric (HNO3) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Axit_nitric_la_gi\"><\/span>Axit nitric l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Axit nitric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc HNO3, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xem la\u0300 m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch nitrat hidro hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 axit nitric khan. Axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do s\u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u00e9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: HNO3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-02.png\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit nitric. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">M\u0169i t\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o Axit nitric b\u00ean tr\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft: C\u1eb7p electron li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t HNO3, nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 +5, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb IV.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_axit_nitric_HNO3\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a axit nitric HNO3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a axit nitric (HNO3) m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: Axit nitric tinh khi\u1ebft (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1522 kg\/m3) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i m\u1ea1nh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m. Dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 86% axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 axit nitric b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecf t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 \u0111ioxit.\u00a0 Axit nitric c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 n\u00ean axit nitric c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c:\u00a0 Axit nitric la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u1ea5t axit \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y. D= 1.53G\/cm3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">K\u00e9m b\u1ec1n: Axit nitric HNO3 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nit\u01a1 dioxit NO2 &#8211; kh\u00ed n\u00e0y tan trong dung d\u1ecbch axit, khi\u1ebfn dung d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4HNO3 \u2192\u00a0 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n axit nitric trong c\u00e1c chai, l\u1ecd t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: Axit nitric tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o. (C&lt;65%)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c: -42\u00b0C<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i: 83\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_axit_nitric\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit nitric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric (HNO3) la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng axit c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nh\u0103\u0301c t\u01a1\u0301i nhi\u00ea\u0300u nh\u00e2\u0301t trong li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c ho\u0301a ho\u0323c v\u00e0 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i axit n\u00e0y? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a HNO3.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-4_(1).jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit nitric. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Axit_nitric_la_mot_trong_nhung_axit_manh_nhat\"><\/span>Axit nitric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng axit m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng axit m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit khan &#8211; m\u1ed9t monoaxit m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nitrat h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng axit (pKa) = -2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit nitric ph\u00e2n li ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion H+ v\u00e0 NO3- trong dung d\u1ecbch lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit baz\u01a1, baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i nitrat.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CuO + 2HNO3 \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CaCO3 + 2HNO3\u00a0 \u2192 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3\u00a0 \u2192 Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit nitric t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit baz\u01a1, bazo, mu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">FeO + 4HNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">FeCO3 + 4HNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O + CO2<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Axit_nitric_co_tinh_oxi_hoa\"><\/span>Axit nitric c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 trong nh\u1eefng axit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a axit nitric th\u00f4ng qua 3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_kim_loai\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oxi h\u00f3a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i nitrat, ngay c\u1ea3 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu (Cu, Ag)&#8230;, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Pt v\u00e0 Au. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 NO2(+4) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 NO(+2) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HNO3 lo\u00e3ng. Nh\u00f4m, s\u1eaft v\u00e0 crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi axit nitric \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i v\u00ec l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit b\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do b\u00ecnh nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kim lo\u1ea1i + HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 mu\u1ed1i nitrat + NO + H2O (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kim lo\u1ea1i + HNO3 lo\u00e3ng \u2192 mu\u1ed1i nitrat + NO + H2O<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kim lo\u1ea1i + HNO3 lo\u00e3ng l\u1ea1nh \u2192 mu\u1ed1i nitrat + H2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Mg(r\u1eafn) + 2HNO3 lo\u00e3ng l\u1ea1nh \u2192 Mg(NO3)2 + H2 (kh\u00ed)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cu + 4HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c\u00a0 \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2(\u2191) + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +4\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3Cu + 8HNO3 lo\u00e3ng\u00a0 \u2192 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO (\u2191) + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +5 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +2\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_phi_kim\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oxi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c phi kim nh\u01b0 S, C, P&#8230; (c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u00e1 kim, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb halogen v\u00e0 silic). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nito dioxit (n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 axit nitric \u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 oxit nito (v\u1edbi axit lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S + 6HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 H2SO4 + 6NO2(\u2191) + 2H2O (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +6 \u00a0 \u00a0 +4\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C + 4HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 4NO2 + 2H2O + CO2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">P + 5HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 5NO2 + H2O + H3PO4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3C + 4HNO3 lo\u00e3ng \u2192 3CO2 + 4NO + 2H2O<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dung_voi_hop_chat\"><\/span>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng axit c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, axit nitric (HNO3) \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oxi h\u00f3a &#8211; ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau.. V\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea5y, m\u00f9n c\u01b0a,&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 axit nitric (HNO3) ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3H2S + 2HNO3 (&gt;5%) \u2192 3S (\u2193) + 2NO + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">PbS + 8HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 PbSO4(\u2193)\u00a0 + 8NO2 + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HNO3 h\u00f2a tan Ag3PO4, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HgS.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_dieu_che_axit_nitric_HNO3\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric HNO3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, axit nitric (HNO3) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a l\u1edbn c\u00f3 s\u00e9t, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a axit. V\u1eady trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-6_(1).jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric HNO3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_axit_nitric_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p natri nitrat ho\u1eb7c kali nitrat r\u1eafn v\u1edbi axit sunfuric (H2SO4) \u0111\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft tinh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-15.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: NaNO3 (tinh th\u1ec3) + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 HNO3 + NaHSO4 (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HNO3 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y tinh do axit nitric khan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, axit nitric c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) nitrat t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 dioxide v\u00e0 kh\u00ed oxy, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n qua n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra axit nitric.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2Cu(NO3) 2 \u2192 2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4 NO2 + O2 \u2192 HNO2 + HNO3<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_giai_doan_san_xuat_axit_nitric_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit nitric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit nitric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng amoniac v\u1edbi 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00ed amoniac th\u00e0nh nit\u01a1 monooxit b\u1eb1ng oxi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 850-900 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 platin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4NH3 + 5O2 \u2192 4NO + 6H2O (850-900*C + Pt) (H&lt;0)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0-3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 +2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Oxi h\u00f3a nit\u01a1 monooxit th\u00e0nh nit\u01a1 dioxit b\u1eb1ng oxi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2NO + O2 \u2192 2NO2\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Cho nit\u01a1 \u0111ioxit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 oxi, t\u1ea1o ra axit nitric.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4NO2 + O2 + H2O --> 4HNO3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dung d\u1ecbch axit nitric thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 52 &#8211; 68%. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c HNO3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 68%. Axit nitric c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 52% v\u00e0 68%, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ostwald do Wilhelm Ostwald s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 (N2): Chi ti\u1ebft l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ion r\u00fat g\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_pho_bien_nhat_cua_axit_nitric_HNO3_trong_thuc_tien\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit nitric (HNO3) trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric HNO3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-07_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a axit nitric HNO3. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_axit_nitric_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng axit nitric trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, axit nitric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">L\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed: L\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nitrat h\u00f3a \u2013 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nitro, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Axit nitric c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc: Axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed clorit. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho HNO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ea1c nitrat v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1c clorua.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_axit_nitric_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng axit nitric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric (HNO3) \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5: Axit nitric 68% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m: Nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluen (TNT) v\u00e0 cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX).\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n: Axit nitric c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1 nh\u01b0: Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 nitrat amoni NH4NO3,\u00a0 mu\u1ed1i nitrat nh\u01b0 KNO3 , Ca(NO3)2 ,&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ICP-MS v\u00e0 ICP-AES: Axit nitric c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5-2% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ICP-MS v\u00e0 ICP-AES. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric tinh khi\u1ebft 100% v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim, xi m\u1ea1, tinh l\u1ecdc: V\u00ec axit nitric ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim, xi m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tinh l\u1ecdc. Khi cho HNO3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi axit clorua, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng toan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1: Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, s\u01a1n hay thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u: HNO3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u- colorometric test. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t heroin v\u00e0 morphine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ch\u1ea5t trung gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecdt x\u1ed1p polyuretan, s\u1ee3i aramit v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m: HNO3\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nitrobenzen &#8211; m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra anilin, d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t anilin v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ecdt x\u1ed1p polyuretan, s\u1ee3i aramit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m polyuretan kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecdc ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda: Axit nitric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eefa.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc: Axit nitric c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng t\u00ean l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_luu_y_quan_trong_ban_can_biet_khi_su_dung_axit_nitric\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, axit nitric HNO3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit \u0111\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi\u00a0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i axit n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-3_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tiep_xuc_voi_axit_nitric_co_the_gay_nhung_ton_thuong_gi\"><\/span>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit nitric c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac HNO3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eaft<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: G\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f9 l\u00f2a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb axit nitric b\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1eaft, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda m\u1eaft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 15 ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1i natri clorua 0.9% \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac HNO3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: G\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ho, ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf, k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u0169i\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: Di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, \u1ee7 \u1ea5m, n\u1eb1m y\u00ean r\u1ed3i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac HNO3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng da<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: G\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da, m\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111au r\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng. \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng da, khi\u1ebfn da chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng\u00a0 do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi protein keratin.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecf qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ecb d\u00ednh axit, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u0103n kh\u00f4 lau v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch (d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u01b0a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac HNO3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: Nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i HNO3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y mi\u1ec7ng, b\u1ecfng d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd: H\u00e3y h\u00f2a tan MgO c\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c s\u1eefa v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng\u00a0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2u v\u1edbi axit nitric c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ung th\u01b0. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit nitric, h\u00e3y mang d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh m\u1eaft, m\u0169, kh\u1ea9u trang, g\u0103ng tay, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00e0i tay, gi\u00e0y t\u1ea5t\u2026v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Luu_y_can_nho_de_dam_bao_an_toan_khi_tiep_xuc_voi_axit_nitric\"><\/span>L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi axit nitric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit nitric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi cyanit, b\u1ed9t kim v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi turpentine. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khi pha lo\u00e3ng HNO3, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o axit m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 axit v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a axit b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a thay cho kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec axit nitric t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a n\u00ean t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eady n\u1eafp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh xa \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nh\u01b0: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, kim lo\u1ea1i, r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">N\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c axit.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n: N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra do axit nitric, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed cacbon dioxit \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp l\u1eeda. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a axit. Di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a HNO3, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng n\u00e0y tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p axit nitric b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9: H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1t ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean n\u01a1i axit b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng soda ho\u1eb7c Ca(OH)2 khan \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch khu v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t HNO3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_axit_nitric_SGK_Hoa_hoc_11_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit nitric SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 axit nitric (HNO3), c\u00f9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-13.jpg\" alt=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit nitric SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_bai_1_trang_45_SGK_Hoa_11\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 1 trang 45 SGK H\u00f3a 11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a axit nitric. Cho bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-13_(2).jpg\" alt=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c electron. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-12.png\" alt=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o axit nitric. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 4 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 +5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_bai_2_SGK_Hoa_11_trang_45\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 2 SGK H\u00f3a 11 trang 45<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a. Ag + HNO3 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 NO2 \u2191 + ? + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b. Ag + HNO3 (lo\u00e3ng) \u2192 NO \u2191 + ? + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">c. Al + HNO3 \u2192 N2O \u2191 + ? + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">d. Zn + HNO3 \u2192 NH4NO3 + ? + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">e. FeO + HNO3 \u2192 NO \u2191 + Fe(NO3)3 + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">f. Fe3O4 + HNO3 \u2192 NO \u2191 + Fe(NO3)3 + ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-13.png\" alt=\"L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 2 SGK. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/axit-nitric-14.png\" alt=\"L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u1ed1 2. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_bai_3_SGK_trang_45_Hoa_11\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 3 SGK trang 45 H\u00f3a 11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc chung v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa axit nitric v\u00e0 axit sunfuric. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n axit HNO3 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 axit \u0111\u1eb7c hay lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau hidro trong d\u00e3y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 axit HNO3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fe + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \u2192 FeSO4 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03Cu + 8HNO3 \u2192 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 HNO3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb: Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1, oxit baz\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed (c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t):<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a02Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3+ 6H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 \u2192 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02HNO3 + CaCO3 \u2192 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H2SO4 + Na2SO3 \u2192 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 axit HNO3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau hi\u0111ro trong d\u00e3y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fe + 4HNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + NO\u2191 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Cu + 2H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 CuSO4 + SO2\u2191 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi kim (\u0111\u01b0a phi kim l\u00ean s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C + 2H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 CO2\u2191 + 2SO2\u2191 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S + 2HNO3 \u2192 H2SO4 + 2NO\u2191<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3FeO + 10HNO3 \u2192 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO\u2191 + 5H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2FeO + 4H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2\u2191 + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea3 hai axit khi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m Fe v\u00e0 Al b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng axit nitric v\u00e0 axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_bai_7_Hoa_lop_11_trang_45_SGK\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 7 H\u00f3a l\u1edbp 11 trang 45 SGK<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,000 t\u1ea5n axit nitric n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 60,0% c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ea5n amoniac? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hao h\u1ee5t amoniac trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3,8%.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HNO3 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0: 5.60\/ 100 = 3 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf HNO3 t\u1eeb NH3:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">NH3 \u2192 NO \u2192 NO2 \u2192 HNO3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1mol\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2190\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1mol<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">17g\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 63g<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">x t\u1ea5n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean, n(HNO3) = m(NH3)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u2192 m(NH3) = 3\/63 x 17 = 0.809524 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NH3 hao h\u1ee5t l\u00e0 3.8% \u2192 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t: 100 &#8211; 3.8 = 96.2%<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amoniac c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0: 0.809524\/ 96.2% = 0.8415 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 axit nitric (HNO3). Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i axit ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Nitric acid &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 20\/7\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nitric_acid<\/p>\n<p>Nitric acid chemical compound &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 20\/7\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/nitric-acid<\/p>\n<p>Nitric acid &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 20\/7\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Nitric-acid<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">http:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Axit nitric (HNO3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1eady axit n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit nitric trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00e0ng&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19069"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24946,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19069\/revisions\/24946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}