{"id":19065,"date":"2025-07-06T22:45:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T15:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=19065"},"modified":"2025-07-06T22:45:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T15:45:06","slug":"hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/","title":{"rendered":"HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a axit clohidric chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Khai_niem_HCl_la_gi\" >Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Tim_hieu_ve_hidro_clorua\" >T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hidro clorua<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Tim_hieu_chi_tiet_ve_axit_clohidric_HCl\" >T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 axit clohidric HCl<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_axit_clohidric\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a axit clohidric<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_axit_clohidric\" >T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit clohidric<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_axit_clohidric_nhu_the_nao\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohidric nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Dieu_che_axit_clohidric_HCl_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\" >\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohidric HCl trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#San_xuat_axit_clohidric_trong_cong_nghiep\" >S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit clohi\u0111ric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Ung_dung_cua_axit_clohidric_HCl\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit clohidric HCl<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#So_luoc_ve_muoi_clorua\" >S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i clorua<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Tong_hop_nhung_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_thuong_gap_nhat_voi_HCl\" >T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi HCl<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_ve_HCl_SGK_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 HCl SGK k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Giai_Bai_1_trang_106_SGK_Hoa_10\" >Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 1 trang 106 SGK H\u00f3a 10<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Giai_Bai_2_Hoa_10_SGK_trang_106\" >Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 2 Ho\u00e1 10 SGK trang 106<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Giai_Bai_3_SGK_Hoa_10_trang_106\" >Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 3 SGK H\u00f3a 10 trang 106<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Giai_Bai_4_trang_106_SGK_Hoa_10\" >Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 4 trang 106 SGK H\u00f3a 10<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Giai_Bai_5_Hoa_10_SGK_trang_106\" >Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 5 Ho\u00e1 10 SGK trang 106<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/hcl-la-gi-tim-hieu-kien-thuc-co-ban-cua-axit-clohidric-chi-tiet\/#Bai_tap_ve_axit_clohidric_HCL_de_cac_em_tu_luyen\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit clohidric HCL \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HCl c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p\u2026 V\u1eady HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 hidro clorua, axit clohidric v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img_default\/monkey3.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"title\">H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef<\/p>\n<p class=\"description\">\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho con.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd t\u00ean<\/p>\n<p>                                                                            *Vui l\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i S\u0110T<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o 2.000+ t\u1eeb &amp; 6.000 c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n 4 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng anh<br \/>\n                                                                                Gi\u1ecfi To\u00e1n &#8211; ti\u1ebfng Anh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<br \/>\n                                                                                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n EQ &amp; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                *B\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n<p>                                                                    \u0110\u0103ng K\u00fd T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n Mi\u1ec5n Ph\u00ed<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khai_niem_HCl_la_gi\"><\/span>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HCl l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua v\u00e0 axit clohidric. Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-1_(1).jpg\" alt=\"HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Hidro Clorua HCl<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Hi\u0111ro Clorua l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i x\u1ed1c, tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan 500 l\u00edt HCl \u1edf 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: H \u2013 Cl. Hidro Clorua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohi\u0111ric HCl<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hidroclorua HCl tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh axit m\u1ea1nh &#8211; Axit clohidric HCl<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Axit clohi\u0111ric HCL l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i s\u1ed1c, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 37%.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Axit clohidric \u201c b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i\u201d trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do hi\u0111ro clorua tho\u00e1t ra c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tim_hieu_ve_hidro_clorua\"><\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hidro clorua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 tan c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed HCl trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: \u0110\u01b0a kh\u00ed HCl v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eady b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng n\u00fat cao su. Xuy\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 tinh th\u1eb3ng, nh\u1ecdn qua n\u00fat cao su. \u00d4ng thu\u1ef7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 pha qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-5.png\" alt=\"Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh tan c\u1ee7a hidro clorua. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: N\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u1eadu theo \u1ed1ng phun xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tia n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00ed HCl \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0 tan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-2_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Kh\u00ed HCl tan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Hidro clorua nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u00ed HCl tan r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u00ed HCl n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (d= 36.5\/29)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u00ed HCl kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf. Dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 axit clohidric m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u00ed HCl kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi CaCO3.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tim_hieu_chi_tiet_ve_axit_clohidric_HCl\"><\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 axit clohidric HCl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u1ede ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 dung d\u1ecbch axit clohidric HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-3.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 axit clohidric HCl. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_axit_clohidric\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a axit clohidric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a axit clohidric m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i x\u1ed1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 C% = 37% (\u1edf 20 \u0111\u1ed9 C)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Dung d\u1ecbch HCL h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, D = 1.19(g\/ml).\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Dung d\u1ecbch HCL \u0111\u1eb7c b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i trong kh\u00ed \u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_axit_clohidric\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit clohidric<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Axit clohidric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit m\u1ea1nh, mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t axit v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric HCl l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H, t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p + H2.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 (bay h\u01a1i)<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0L\u01b0u \u00fd: Pb \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc H nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tan trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb + H2O.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Fe3O4 + 8HCl \u2192 4H2O + FeCl2 + 2FeCl3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb + H2\u00adO.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + 2H2O<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Axit clohidric HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi + axit m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Na2CO\u00ad3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NaBr + H2O + CO2<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit m\u1ea1nh, HCl c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a: HCL th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00ednh kh\u1eed: T\u00ednh kh\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed HCl, Clo c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 -1. Khi dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0: KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2, KClO3, &#8230; th\u00ec HCl b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Cl2 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MnO2 + 4HCl \u2192 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(+4)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (-1)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (+2) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_axit_clohidric_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohidric nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohidric nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf HCl ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dieu_che_axit_clohidric_HCl_trong_phong_thi_nghiem\"><\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohidric HCl trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf HCl b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sunfat &#8211; cho tinh th\u1ec3 NaCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/hcl-19.jfif\" alt=\"Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf HCl b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sunfat. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">NaCl + H2SO4 \u2192 NaHSO4 + HCl (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 &lt; 250 \u0111\u1ed9 C)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">2NaCl + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2HCl (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ed9 C tr\u1edf l\u00ean)<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"San_xuat_axit_clohidric_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit clohi\u0111ric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y H2 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Cl2. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 2 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n NaCl c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\">H2 + Cl2 \u2192 2HCl (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #fbeeb8\" border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 98.5189%\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">GI\u00daP CON H\u1eccC TO\u00c1N K\u1ebeT H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI TI\u1ebeNG ANH SI\u00caU TI\u1ebeT KI\u1ec6M CH\u1ec8 TR\u00caN M\u1ed8T APP MONKEY MATH. V\u1edaI N\u1ed8I DUNG D\u1ea0Y H\u1eccC \u0110A PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u00daP B\u00c9 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N T\u01af DUY N\u00c3O B\u1ed8 V\u00c0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee TO\u00c0N DI\u1ec6N CH\u1ec8 V\u1edaI 2K\/NG\u00c0Y.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/button_dang-ky-ngay-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\" height=\"25\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_axit_clohidric_HCl\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit clohidric HCl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean, axit clohidric HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-9_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ec9 tr\u00ean s\u1eaft th\u00e9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit HCl. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: HCl 35% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, xi m\u1ea1, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chitin, luy\u1ec7n kim, h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao su, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm), c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ec9 tr\u00ean s\u1eaft th\u00e9p: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit HCl. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e9p v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng HCl c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ~18% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p Carbon, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf HCl \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 tr\u00ean s\u1eaft th\u00e9p theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4FeCl2 + 4H2O + O2 \u2192 8 HCl + 2Fe2O3. Fe2O3 (s\u1eaft oxit) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1: Axit HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 FeCl3, PAC,\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t keo t\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1: HCl c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vinyl clorua v\u00e0 dicloroetan trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PVC. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bisphenol A, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polycacbonat, axit ascobic, than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, trung h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed9 pH: Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng\u2026), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, axit clohydric HCL c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trung h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u00e1i sinh nh\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion: HCL ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. HCL tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ion nh\u01b0 Na+, Ca2+ t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf Na+ b\u1eb1ng H+, Ca2+ b\u1eb1ng 2 H+.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt: Axit clohydric HCL c\u00f3 trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 pH trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c protein trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho enzym ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n enzym pepsinogen th\u00e0nh enzyme pepsin ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c: Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u, HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng l\u1edbn. HCl c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kim khi tr\u1ed9n c\u00f9ng axit nitric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1:3. Axit clohidric c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0: Aspartame, axit citric, lysine, fructose, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n protein th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, gelatin\u2026.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_luoc_ve_muoi_clorua\"><\/span>S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1i clorua<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit clohi\u0111ric HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: MCln.\u00a0V\u1eady n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u0103n kho\u0103n HCL l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i hay baz\u01a1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/Hcl-11_(1).jpg\" alt=\"Mu\u1ed1i clorua l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan: C\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i clorua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eeb PbCl2, AgCl, CuCl v\u00e0 Hg2Cl2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Mu\u1ed1i clorua mang nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n kali (KCl), ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c v\u00ec ZnCl2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (AlCl3), di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh (BaCl2). NaCl l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hidro, clo v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m mu\u1ed1i \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1i clorua, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed AgNO3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: AgNO3 + NaCl \u2192 AgCl + NaNO3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_hop_nhung_phan_ung_hoa_hoc_thuong_gap_nhat_voi_HCl\"><\/span>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi HCl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0110\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 hidro clorua, axit clohidric v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi HCl.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + Mg \u2192 MgCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">6HCl + 2Al \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na + 2HCl \u2192 NaCl + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxit kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe3O4 + 8HCl \u2192 4H2O + FeCl2+ 2FeCl3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">6HCl + Al2O3 \u21922AlCl3 + 3H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MnO2 + HCl \u2192 MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl \u2192 2CrCl3 + 2KCl + 3Cl2 + 7H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">KClO3 + 6HCl \u2192 3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + 2NaOH \u2192 2NaCl + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + Ca(OH)2 \u2192 CaCl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + Fe(OH)2 \u2192 FeCl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + Mg(OH)2 \u2192 MgCl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">NH3 + HCl \u2192 NH4Cl (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng bay ra)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxit baz\u01a1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MgO + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2HCl + CuO \u2192 CuCl2 + H2O<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K2CO3 + 2HCl \u2192 H2O + CO2 + 2KCl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">AgNO3 + HCl \u2192 AgCl\u2193 + HNO3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na2CO3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_HCl_SGK_kem_loi_giai_chi_tiet\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 HCl SGK k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 hidro clorua, axit clohidric v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua, c\u00f9ng tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 HCl trong SGK H\u00f3a 10 B\u00e0i 23. Hi v\u1ecdng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/HCl-12_(1).jpg\" alt=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 HCl SGK k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_Bai_1_trang_106_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 1 trang 106 SGK H\u00f3a 10<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cho 20g h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t Mg v\u00e0 Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 1g kh\u00ed H2 bay ra. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i clorua t\u1ea1o ra trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau gam?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A. 40,5g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B. 45,5g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C. 55,5g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">D. 65,5g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">n(H2) = 1\/2 = 0,5 mol.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl2 + H2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">n(Mg)= x; n(Fe) = y.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">n(H2) = x + y = 0,5 mol.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">mhh = 24x + 56y = 20g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ta c\u00f3 x = y =0,25 mol.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">mMgCl2 = 0, 25 \u00d7 95 = 23,75g.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">mFeCl2 = 0,25 \u00d7 127 = 31,75g<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i clorua = 23,75 + 31,75= 55,5<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_Bai_2_Hoa_10_SGK_trang_106\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 2 Ho\u00e1 10 SGK trang 106<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">N\u00eau nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hi\u0111ro clorua l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i x\u1ed1c, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch axit.\u00a0 \u1ede 20oC, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan 500 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch hi\u0111ro clorua.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_Bai_3_SGK_Hoa_10_trang_106\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 3 SGK H\u00f3a 10 trang 106<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kali clorua r\u1eafn. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hidro clorua.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hidro clorua<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2NaCl (tinh th\u1ec3) + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c) \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2HCl (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2KCl + 2H2O \u2192 2KOH + H2 + Cl2 (\u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H2 + Cl2 \u2192 2HCl (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_Bai_4_trang_106_SGK_Hoa_10\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 4 trang 106 SGK H\u00f3a 10<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H\u00e3y d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit clohidric \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">a) Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9ng minh axit clohidric l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">MnO2 + 4HCl \u2192 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl --> 2CrCl3 + 2KCl + 3Cl2 + 7H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">KClO3 + 6HCl --> 3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2\u2191<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">b) Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a axit clohidric:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">CuO + 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2 + H2O.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_Bai_5_Hoa_10_SGK_trang_106\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i B\u00e0i 5 Ho\u00e1 10 SGK trang 106<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hi\u0111ro clorua b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sunfat v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sunfat l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i: NaCl + H2SO4 \u2192 NaHSO4 + HCl.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed):\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">H2 + Cl2 \u2192 2HCl.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_axit_clohidric_HCL_de_cac_em_tu_luyen\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit clohidric HCL \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c HCL c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">C\u00e2u 1:\u00a0Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u0111roclorua?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">A. dd HCl. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. kh\u00ed Cl2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. kh\u00ed HCl. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. dd HClO.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 2:\u00a0Tr\u1ed9n dd ch\u1ee9a 1 g HCl v\u00e0o dd ch\u1ee9a 1 g NaOH. Nh\u00fang gi\u1ea5y qu\u00ec t\u00edm v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec gi\u1ea5y qu\u00ec t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. M\u00e0u xanh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. M\u00e0u t\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 3:\u00a0S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Cl trong HCl l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. +1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. -1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 0. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. -2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 4:\u00a0Cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3\u00a0va\u0300o dung di\u0323ch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 0,1 mol NaF v\u00e0 0,1 mol NaCl. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 14,35 g. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 10,8 g.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 21,6 g. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 27,05 g.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 5:\u00a0Cho 0,3 gam m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,28 l\u00edt H2\u00a0(\u0111ktc). Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. Ba \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. Ca.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. Mg. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. Sr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 6:\u00a0Cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Zn, Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 73 g dd HCl 10%. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,15 g mu\u1ed1i. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 7,05 g.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 5,3 g.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 4,3 g. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 6,05 g.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 7:\u00a0Cho 15 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i Zn v\u00e0 Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,48 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2\u00a0(\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 m gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 6,4. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 8,5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 2,2. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 2,0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 8:\u00a0Cho 17,4 gam MnO2\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd HCl \u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra (\u0111ktc) l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 4,48 l\u00edt. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 2,24 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 3,36 l\u00edt. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 6,72 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 9:\u00a0Kim lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi axit HCl lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed clo cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i clorua kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. Fe. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. Zn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. Cu. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. Ag.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 10:\u00a0Cho 10,5g h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t Mg, Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 0,4g kh\u00ed H2\u00a0bay ra. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 17,6g \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 25,1g<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 24,7g \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0D. 17,8g<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 11:\u00a0Trong mu\u1ed1i NaCl c\u00f3 l\u1eabn NaBr v\u00e0 NaI. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i hai mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi NaCl ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. c\u1ea3 A, B v\u00e0 C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 12:\u00a0H\u00f2a tan 12,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Fe, FeO b\u1eb1ng dd HCl v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,24 l\u00edt (\u0111ktc). Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a FeO trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 56,25% \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 43,75%<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 66,67% \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 33,33%<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 13:\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o sai?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. Cu(OH)2\u00a0+ 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2\u00a0+ 2H2O.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">B. Cu + 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2\u00a0+ H2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. CuO + 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2\u00a0+ H2O.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">D. AgNO3\u00a0+ HCl \u2192 AgCl + HNO3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 14:\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 trung ho\u00e0 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1,5M th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch HCl 0,5M c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. 0,5 l\u00edt.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 0,4 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. 0,3 l\u00edt.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,6 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt;margin: 0in 2.4pt 12.0pt 2.4pt\">C\u00e2u 15:\u00a0\u0110\u1ed5 dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">A. HF \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. HBr<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 2.4pt 12pt;text-align: justify;line-height: 18pt\">C. HI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. HCl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hidro clorua, axit clohidric v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua. Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef mong r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 HCL v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u1ea4n \u201cNH\u1eacN C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT\u201d ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trang \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u00e9!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                                    Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Hydrochloric acid &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 12\/7\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrochloric_acid<\/p>\n<p>hydrogen chloride chemical compound &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 12\/7\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/hydrogen-chloride<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HCl c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p\u2026 V\u1eady HCl l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 hidro clorua, axit clohidric v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24132,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19065\/revisions\/24132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}