{"id":13948,"date":"2025-06-05T17:29:21","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T10:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/?p=13948"},"modified":"2025-07-03T19:30:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T12:30:03","slug":"cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_bieu_dien_dieu_gi\" >C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Cach_viet_cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_Quy_tac_va_cac_buoc_can_nho\" >C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Quy_tac_viet_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu\" >Quy t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#3_buoc_viet_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu_de_nho\" >3 b\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bang_cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_cua_20_nguyen_to_dau_tien\" >B\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 20 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Dac_diem_lop_electron_ngoai_cung\" >\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_ve_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_1Trang_27_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1.(Trang 27 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_2Trang_27_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2.(Trang 27 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_3Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_4Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-dinh-nghia-cach-viet-va-bai-tap\/#Bai_tap_5Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\" >B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0.00000001 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, notron v\u00e0 electron (e). Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s,p,d,f. V\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb? C\u00f9ng Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>                        View all<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_bieu_dien_dieu_gi\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed) bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c electron trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau hay \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (theo Wikipedia).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 electron tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em> C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;background-color: #fff4f5\" border=\"0.5px\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Z<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;background-color: #ee202e\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">K<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p64s1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ca<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p64s2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Al<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Fe<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cr<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.5px solid #4e4c50;text-align: center\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c obitan electron. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau bao quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. Qua c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng obitan electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 electron trong t\u1eebng obitan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1c electron tr\u00ean c\u00e1c obitan kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nhau n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng 1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-1.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">T\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp e t\u0103ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s, p, d, f. (1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4s th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 3d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_viet_cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_Quy_tac_va_cac_buoc_can_nho\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_tac_viet_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu\"><\/span>Quy t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1edbp electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1: 1, 2, 3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng: s, p, d, f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1ed1 electron trong ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp: V\u00ed d\u1ee5: s2, p6, d10\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: justify\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-2.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o?\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><em>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/em>: C\u00e1c e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc: Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp s ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2 electron; ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp p ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 6 electron, ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp d ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10 electron; ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp f ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 14 electron.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><em>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb:<\/em>\u00a0C\u00e1c e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng AO (m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng obitan nguy\u00ean t\u1eed), tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed Pau-li, nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc Hun.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Pauli<\/em>:\u00a0Tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i obital nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2 electron. 2 electron n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 quay kh\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u nhau xung quanh tr\u1ee5c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i electron.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Quy t\u1eafc Hund:<\/em>\u00a0Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c electron s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c obital sao cho s\u1ed1 electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. C\u00e1c electron n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 quay gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n:\u00a0<\/em>\u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00e1c electron l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c obital c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp trong 1 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp electron.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd: C\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c AO theo ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe c\u00f3 Z= 26. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe c\u00f3:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">26 electron<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4s &lt; 3d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0: [Ar] 3d6 4s2 (Trong \u0111\u00f3, [Ar] l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 argon &#8211; kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Fe)<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_buoc_viet_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu_de_nho\"><\/span>3 b\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Sau khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (Z).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c electron theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:\u00a0Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp (1\u21927), trong m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp (s\u2192p\u2192d\u2192f). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-3.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock.com)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 e c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hay ion (S\u1ed1 electron(e) = s\u1ed1 proton(n) = Z).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Quy t\u1eafc b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 b\u00e1n b\u00e3o h\u00f2a tr\u00ean d v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e b\u1ec1n khi c\u00e1c e \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp 4 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a (d, f) ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n b\u00e3o h\u00f2a (d, f).\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 sau: Na (Z=11):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh E=Z=11<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c e theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hidro c\u00f3 Z = 1, c\u00f3 1e. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H l\u00e0: 1s1 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Heli c\u00f3 Z = 2, c\u00f3 2e. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H l\u00e0 1s2, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Liti c\u00f3 Z = 3, c\u00f3 3e. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H l\u00e0: 1s22s1. E cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed liti \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp s. Liti l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Neon c\u00f3 Z = 10, c\u00f3 10e. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Ne l\u00e0 1s22s22p6.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Clo c\u00f3 Z = 17, c\u00f3 17e = C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl l\u00e0 1s22s22p63s23p5. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 [Ne]3s23p.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Clo \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp p. Clo l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 p.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong \u0111\u00f3, [Ne] l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Neon, l\u00e0 kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Clo.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft Fe c\u00f3 Z = 26, c\u00f3 26 = C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe l\u00e0 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 [Ar]3d64s2.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Fe \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp d. S\u1eaft (Fe) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s, p, d, f \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s:<\/em> L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3\u00a0 electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp s.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 p: <\/em>L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3\u00a0 electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp p.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 d<\/em>: L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3\u00a0 electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp d.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 f<\/em> : L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3\u00a0 electron cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">* L\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u00e1n b\u00e3o h\u00f2a:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Cr (Z = 24) 1s22s22p63s23p63do4s2 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Cu (Z = 29) 1s22s22p63s23p63d4s2 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron<\/li>\n<li>Tinh th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bang_cau_hinh_electron_nguyen_tu_cua_20_nguyen_to_dau_tien\"><\/span>B\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 20 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 20 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1edbp 10.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-4.jpg\" alt=\"B\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 20 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_diem_lop_electron_ngoai_cung\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 8 electron.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 8e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng (ns2np6) v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Heli (1s2) \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 1, 2, 3 e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (tr\u1eeb 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) v\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 1, 2, 3 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0\u1eddng electron l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u00a0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb H, He v\u00e0 B.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 5, 6, 7 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn electron th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 4 electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c phi kim.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_cau_hinh_e_nguyen_tu_SGK_Hoa_hoc_10_kem_loi_giai\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e nguy\u00ean t\u1eed SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Sau khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/external-content.duckduckgo.com\/iu\/?u=https:\/\/vnmedia2.monkeyuni.net\/upload\/web\/img\/cau-hinh-electron-nguyen-tu-5.jpg\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10. (\u1ea2nh: S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Internet)\" width=\"100%\"><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_1Trang_27_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1.(Trang 27 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 z = 11 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">A. s \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. p\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 C.d\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 D.f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/em>:\u00a0 A l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Z=11, ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: 1s22s22p63s1. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 s. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 A.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_2Trang_27_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2.(Trang 27 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (Z = 16) :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">A. 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s2 3p5 ; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. 1 s2 2s1 2p6 3s2 3p6 ;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 ; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 D. 1 s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/em>: \u00a0\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 C<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u00f3 Z=16 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0: 1s22s22p63s23p4\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_3Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m (Z = 13) l\u00e0 1s22s22p63s23p1. V\u1eady :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">A. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (L\u1edbp K) c\u00f3 2 electron ;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">B. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai (L\u1edbp L) c\u00f3 8 electron ;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 ba (L\u1edbp M) c\u00f3 3 electron ;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">D. L\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 1 electron.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u00ecm c\u00e2u sai.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/em>: D l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n sai.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_4Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton, notron v\u00e0 electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 13.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">b) Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">(Cho bi\u1ebft : c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 82 trong N b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00ec 1 \u2264 N\/Z \u2264 1,5)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/em>:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">a) T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton, n\u01a1tron, electron trong 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 13. S\u1ed1 proton b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 electron n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 2Z + N =13<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 82 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ta c\u00f3 :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Z \u2264 N; m\u00e0 N =13 \u2013 2Z \u21d2 Z \u2264 13 \u2013 2Z \u21d2 Z\u00a0 \u2264 4,333\u00a0 (1)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">N \u2264 1,5Z \u21d2 13-2Z \u2264 1,5Z \u21d2 3,5Z \u2265 13 \u21d2 Z \u2265 3,7 (2)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u1eeb (1) v\u00e0 (2) v\u00e0 v\u00ec Z nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng 3,7 \u2264 Z \u2264 4,333 . v\u1eady Z =4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Suy ra s\u1ed1 n\u01a1tron: N =13 \u2013 2Z = 13 -2.4 = 5<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u1eady nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u00e0 4+5=9.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">b) Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron: Z=4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 1s22s2. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_5Trang_28_SGK_hoa_hoc_10\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5.(Trang 28 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eb1ng 3, 6, 9, 18?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n<\/em>:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">S\u1ed1 electron l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 3, 6, 9, 18 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 1, 4, 7, 8. Do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">z = 3: 1s2 2s1 \u00a0 ;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 z = 6: 1s2 2s2 2p2 ;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">z = 9: 1s2 2s2 2p5 ;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 z = 18: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f9ng 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb nh\u1ea5t. Hy v\u1ecdng qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh e, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp e, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean truy c\u1eadp chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a Shining Home &#8211; Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh Ng\u1eef m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 \u00edch kh\u00e1c!<\/p>\n<p>                                    \u00a0\u00a0T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>Electron Configurations &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 11\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Courses\/Valley_City_State_University\/Chem_115\/Chapter_2%3A_Atomic_Structure\/2.4_Electron_Configurations<\/p>\n<p>How to Write Electron Configurations for Atoms of Any Element &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 11\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Write-Electron-Configurations-for-Atoms-of-Any-Element<\/p>\n<p>How to Write an Electron Configuration &#8211; Ng\u00e0y truy c\u1eadp: 11\/06\/2022<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Lj6ArqdlzK\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemistrytalk.org\/how-to-write-electron-shell-configurations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electron Configurations: An Introduction to Writing One<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Electron Configurations: An Introduction to Writing One&#8221; &#8212; ChemTalk\" src=\"https:\/\/chemistrytalk.org\/how-to-write-electron-shell-configurations\/embed\/#?secret=M92AlOxs1V#?secret=Lj6ArqdlzK\" data-secret=\"Lj6ArqdlzK\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/\">https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/<\/a> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/author\/nguyenlandung\">Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n d\u0169ng<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0.00000001 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, notron v\u00e0 electron (e). Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s,p,d,f&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kien-thuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13948"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17248,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13948\/revisions\/17248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ckconitsha.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}